brain tumor
Introduction
Brain tumor introduction Tumors that grow in the brain are commonly referred to as brain tumors and include primary brain tumors that occur from the brain parenchyma and secondary brain tumors that are transferred from other parts of the body to the brain. The cause is still unknown. Tumors originate from the brain, meninges, pituitary gland, cranial nerves, cerebrovascular and embryonic residual tissues, and are called primary intracranial tumors. A malignant tumor organized by other organs of the body is transferred to the intracranial, called a secondary intracranial tumor. Intracranial tumors can occur at any age and are most common in the 20-50 age group. Patients with increased intracranial pressure and progressive neurological symptoms should consider the possibility of intracranial space-occupying lesions. Some cases can suggest the diagnosis of intracranial tumors by detailed medical history and neurological examination. In recent years, with the development of neuroimaging techniques and functional examination techniques, auxiliary examination has become the main means of diagnosing intracranial tumors. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: epilepsy
Cause
Brain tumor cause
Environmental factors (30%):
Environmental pathogens include physical factors such as ionizing and non-ionic radiation, chemical factors such as nitrous acid compounds, pesticides, petroleum products, etc., infectious factors such as oncogenic viruses and other infections. But in addition to therapeutic ionizing radiation, there is no undisputed environmental factor to date.
Host factor (30%):
The relationship between the patient's history, personal history, family history and intracranial tumor development has been confirmed, some have not been widely recognized, and some have been basically excluded. It can be seen that the occurrence of this disease has a certain relationship with the family.
Prevention
Brain tumor prevention
1. Develop good habits, stop smoking and limit alcohol.
2. Don't eat too much salty and spicy food, don't eat food that is overheated, too cold, expired and deteriorated; those who are frail or have certain genetic diseases should eat some anti-cancer foods and high alkali content as appropriate. Alkaline foods maintain a good mental state.
3. Have a good attitude to deal with stress, work and rest, do not fatigue.
4. Strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, and exercise more in the sun. Excessive sweating can excrete acidic substances in the body with sweat, avoiding the formation of acidic constitution.
5. To be regular in life, you should develop good habits to maintain a weak alkaline constitution and keep all kinds of cancer diseases away from you.
6. Do not eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry, eggs, moldy foods, etc., eat some green organic foods, to prevent disease from entering the mouth.
Complication
Brain tumor complications Complications
Cerebellar tumors have pons, medullary symptoms; temporal lobe tumors appear III, IV cranial nerve disorders; lateral fissure tumors appear hemiplegia, etc., the occurrence of the above symptoms, and tumor compression, brain tissue displacement or cerebral blood circulation disorders, etc. The septal symptom is a dysfunction of the cranial nerve in the distant part of the tumor, such as the posterior fossa tumor, due to the amount of hydrocephalus, sputum, parietal lobe, visual, auditory hallucinations or epilepsy, and when the intracranial pressure is increased, Due to the enlargement of the third ventricle, bilateral hemianopia and saddle enlargement may occur.
Symptom
Symptoms of Brain Tumors Common Symptoms Changes in Brain Waves of Brain Waves Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Levels Encephalitis-like Changes Visual Acuity Visual Papillary Edema Vision Centripetal Reduction Cerebrospinal Fluid Leukocytes Increase Pathological Laughter and Cry Corner Back Damaged
1, headache, intracranial hypertension or tumor itself compression, pulling the intracranial pain sensitive structure will cause headache, appear in about 50-60% of the original intracranial tumors and 35-50% of intracranial metastases, manifested as episodes Sexual headache.
2, vomiting.
3, epilepsy.
4. Mental and consciousness disorders: manifested as changes in thinking, emotion, intelligence, consciousness, personality and memory. The disturbance of consciousness appears later, manifested as lethargy or even coma.
5, the anterior sacral bulging, head circumference increase and cranial suture separation phenomenon can occur in children with intracranial hypertension, and can be broken due to hydrocephalus.
6, vital signs change.
Examine
Brain tumor examination
1. Skull flat: intracranial hypertension, pineal calcification and displacement, abnormal calcification, bone destruction, enlarged internal auditory canal, and enlarged saddle.
2, cerebral angiography: not as a routine examination of brain tumors, but can be used for preoperative tumor and important blood vessels anatomical relationship and tumor blood supply, and preoperative embolism.
3, CT examination: CT examination density resolution is high, and easy to display the calcium, bone, fat and liquid contained in the intracranial tumor; CT can show the ventricle, brain pool, dura mater and skull, which is conducive to the tumor and adjacent anatomical relationship. CT contrast-enhanced scanning can understand the blood supply of the tumor and the damage to the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, which is conducive to the display and qualitative of the tumor. Spiral CT makes the coronal and sagittal reconstruction images the same resolution coaxial image reconstruction image. Three-dimensional imaging, segmentation imaging and CT angiography improve the accuracy of CT diagnosis of intracranial tumors.
4, MRI: MRI has excellent soft tissue resolution, multi-planar imaging makes lesion location more accurate, vascular flow effect and a variety of imaging methods and pulse sequence technology to promote the qualitative diagnosis of intracranial tumors, for the diagnosis of intracranial tumors standard. However, MRI is not obvious to the bone and the damage, the examination time is long, and the emergency patient is not easy to cooperate. MRI-enhanced scanning scans can increase the detection rate of tumors and find negative or easily neglected lesions on MRI plain scans. Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging, perfusion imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging are also helpful in the qualitative diagnosis of intracranial tumors.
5, neuronuclear medical examination (PET and SPECT) can distinguish between benign and malignant tumors, residual tumors and scars after surgery.
6, biopsy: stereotactic biopsy is a standard biopsy of intracranial tumors, multiple specimens should be obtained from different parts for a series of biopsy, try to avoid the diagnosis error caused by tumor heterogeneity.
7, other such as waist piercing cerebrospinal fluid test.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of brain tumor
1, intracranial inflammation. Such as meningitis, arachnoiditis, brain abscess, intracranial inflammation generally have acute or subacute morbidity, meningeal irritation and systemic symptoms, optic disc edema is rare and mild in the early stage, cerebrospinal fluid examination of inflammatory performance and may detect pathogenic bacteria.
2. Chronic subdural hematoma. Generally seen in the elderly with head trauma, but sometimes the trauma can not be recalled, clinical manifestations may have similar mental symptoms of senile dementia, intracranial hypertension or disturbance of consciousness, limited physical signs of one limb physical weakness, CT examination can be Confirmed diagnosis.
3. Cerebral cysticercosis. The patient has a mites or subcutaneous nodules, often with epilepsy, mental symptoms or intracranial hypertension. CT or MRI can detect lesions in the brain.
4, epilepsy. The onset of primary epilepsy is generally before the age of 20, no localized neurological signs, focal epilepsy in adulthood suspected intracranial tumors, patients may have intracranial hypertension and local signs, imaging can be found in tumors.
5, multiple sclerosis: is a common type of demyelination, characterized by diffuse demyelination and gliosis of the axon, occurs in the periventricular, optic nerve, brain stem, cerebellar white matter and cerebellar foot, spinal cord, sometimes Need to be differentiated from intracranial tumors, especially gliomas. Multiple sclerosis occurs in young and middle-aged, females are mostly, and the process of remission and recurrence alternates. Imaging examination showed that there were more than two lesions in the white matter, and there was no placeholder effect. Active lesions can be contrast-enhanced on CT or MRI, and steroid therapy can reduce the density of enhancement.
