acute myeloid leukemia
Introduction
Introduction to acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer in which myeloid leukocytes (rather than lymphocytes) proliferate abnormally. It is characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal cells in the bone marrow and affects the production of normal blood cells. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common acute leukemia in adults, and its incidence increases with the age of the person. Acute myeloid leukemia is a relatively rare disease, accounting for 1.2% of the deaths from cancer in the United States. The diet of leukemia patients should be considered from many aspects. Because of the relationship between treatments, the daily diet is also changed. The diet of leukemia patients is best to use small meals, especially during chemotherapy. Patients often have nausea. Vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, etc. At this time, you can take a small meal and eat more meals, or add some small, nutritious foods in addition to the three meals, but be sure to ensure adequate effects, and pay attention to nutrition. The match should be even. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hyperuricemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation
Cause
Cause of acute myeloid leukemia
Virus (35%):
The etiology of human leukemia has been studied for decades, but so far only adult T-cell leukemia has been caused by viruses. The virus can utilize the host cell system to replicate tiny, submicroscopic particles without intact cell structures.
Ionizing radiation (15%):
Ionizing radiation is a general term for all radiation that can cause ionization of substances. There are many types of high-speed charged particles: alpha particles, beta particles, protons, uncharged particles with neutrons, and X-rays and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation has a leukemia-like effect, and its effect is related to the size of the radiation dose and the irradiation site. A large dose or multiple doses of radiation may cause leukemia.
Chemical substances (15%):
Chemical substance refers to any organic or inorganic substance with a specific molecular identification. These include: (1) a substance produced in whole or in part by the result of a chemical reaction or any compound of a naturally occurring substance; (2) any element or an uncombined atomic group. Chemical substances include elements, compounds (including additives, impurities), by-products, reaction intermediates and polymers. It does not include mixtures, products (agents), and articles. The effect of benzene on leukemia is relatively positive. Benzene-induced acute leukemia is caused by acute granules and erythroleukemia.
Genetic factors (10%):
There is a similarity between traits between parents and children, indicating that traits can be passed from parent to offspring. This phenomenon is called heredity. Genetics is a discipline that studies this phenomenon. It is currently known that life on Earth is mainly based on DNA as a genetic material. In addition to heredity, the factors that determine biological characteristics are the environment, and the interaction of environment and heredity. The onset of certain leukemias is related to genetic factors.
Prevention
Acute myelogenous leukemia prevention
(1) Avoid contact with excessive X-rays and other harmful radiation. Personal protection should be provided to those engaged in radiation work. Pregnant women and infants should pay special attention to avoid contact with radiation.
(2) Prevention and treatment of various infections, especially viral infections, such as type C RNA viruses.
(3) Careful use of certain drugs, such as chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone, certain antiviral drugs, certain anti-tumor drugs and immunosuppressants, should avoid long-term use or abuse.
(4) Avoid contact with certain carcinogens and do occupational protection and monitoring, such as in the production of phenol, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, spices, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastics, dyes, etc. Take care to avoid harmful and toxic substances.
(5) For high-risk groups of leukemia, regular census work should be done, paying special attention to leukemia police numbers and early symptoms. Those who have conditions can take Tianxian vital energy source for preventive treatment.
Complication
Acute myeloid leukemia complications Complications hyperuricemia disseminated intravascular coagulation
Infection
2. Intestinal failure;
3. Hyperuricemia;
4. bleeding;
5. Pulmonary diseases;
6. Electrolyte imbalance;
7. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Symptom
Symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia Common symptoms Lymph node swelling, palpitations, weakness, shortness, paleness
With pale complexion, fever, and weakness, the main features, accompanied by heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tenderness, pain in the joints, a small amount of dense bleeding points on the skin, swollen lymph nodes, slightly larger spleen, and bleeding.
Examine
Examination of acute myeloid leukemia
The number of hemoglobin and platelets is reduced, the total number of white blood cells varies, generally between 20.0 and 50.0 × 109 / L, a few higher than 100 × 109 or less than 10.0 × 109 / L, more than half of the patients see a large number of blood around the patient (sometimes up to 90%) abnormal primordial leukocytes, blood cell chemical staining method can determine the type of acute leukemia, about 45% of cases have chromosomal abnormalities, including haploid, hyperdiploid and various marker chromosomes, active bone marrow hyperplasia, markedly active or Extremely active, mainly leukemia cells, >6% of the original cells in the bone marrow are suspicious, more than 30% of the diagnosis is more positive, the original cells + early (young) cells 50% can be diagnosed, the whole bone marrow, erythroid and megakaryocyte height Reduce, when the blood and bone marrow are not enough to confirm acute leukemia, lymph node puncture smear and specific lesion print can be used to find the corresponding leukemia fine-binding pathological print, which is helpful for diagnosis and blood biochemical examination:
1 terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT): increased activity at ALL and no activity at ANLL.
2 alkaline phosphatase (AKP): obvious at ALL, AML decreased significantly, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): ALL increased significantly, serum uric acid concentration increased, urine uric acid excretion increased, in the treatment of cytotoxic drugs More often.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia
diagnosis
1. medical history;
2. Clinical manifestations;
3. Laboratory data.
Differential diagnosis
A. Aplastic anemia;
B. Myelodysplastic syndrome;
C. malignant histiocytosis;
D. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
