Tetrodotoxin poisoning
Introduction
Introduction to tetrodotoxin poisoning Pufferfish (China) is made in China and on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There are many varieties, and the amount and location of each pufferfish are not exactly the same. Generally speaking, the puffer fish's ovaries, testes, skin, liver and caviar are highly toxic, and they are the most toxic during the reproductive period of winter and spring. A small number of muscles are also highly toxic, and the size of the fish is not related to virulence. The toxic components of puffer fish are mainly tetrodotoxin and puffer acid. The toxin has a local stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract. After being absorbed, it quickly acts on the nerve, causing the nerve endings and nerve center to be blocked. Finally, the respiratory cycle of the brainstem is paralyzed. . The prevention of this disease focuses on strengthening health education and teaching the people that the puffer fish is poisonous and should not be eaten. Fishery units and vegetable markets should be strictly inspected before the sale of sea fish, and the puffer fish should be picked out and sent to relevant departments for centralized treatment. Tetrodotoxin poisoning has no special antidote, but due to the detoxification and excretion of toxins in the body, if it does not die 8 hours after the onset, it can recover more. Therefore, once poisoning is found, various detoxification and symptomatic treatment measures should be given as soon as possible. The patient has passed the critical period. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.065% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: respiratory failure
Cause
Cause of tetrodotoxin poisoning
Cause:
Some organs and tissues of puffer fish contain toxin, tetrodotoxin, which is stable in toxicity and can not be destroyed by frying, salt flooding and sun exposure. It is quickly absorbed into the nerve after being absorbed, mainly to the nerve center and nerve. Paralysis occurs at the distal end, and finally the parasitic respiratory center of the brain stem is paralyzed.
Prevention
Tetrodotoxin poisoning prevention
The education of the puffer fish is poisonous and inedible. It is strictly forbidden to sell puffer fish in the market. The fresh puffer fish caught should be processed centrally. Those who are not fresh should try to deal with it and it is forbidden to eat.
The prevention of this disease focuses on strengthening health education and teaching, explaining to the people that puffer fish are poisonous and should not be eaten. The fishery units and the vegetable market should be strictly inspected before the sale of sea fish, and the puffer fish should be picked out and sent to relevant. The department concentrates on treatment. Tetrodotoxin poisoning has no special antidote. However, due to the detoxification and excretion of toxins in the body, if it does not die 8 hours after the onset, it can recover. Therefore, once poisoning is found, various detoxification and symptomatic treatment should be given as soon as possible. Measures to allow patients to survive the crisis.
Complication
Complications of tetrodotoxin poisoning Complications respiratory failure
Finally, the respiratory center and vascular nerve center paralysis, sensory disturbance, paralysis, respiratory failure, etc., if not actively treated, can often lead to death.
Symptom
Tetrodotoxin poisoning symptoms Common symptoms Blood pressure drop dyspnea complexion bruising limbs weakness abdominal pain nausea coma circulatory failure bloody diarrhea
Generally, the disease occurs half an hour to three hours after eating. First, stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, blood in the stool, and general malaise, lips, tongue and fingertips are numb. Afterwards, the whole body is numb, limbs are weak, and the eyelids are drooping. Difficulties in walking, muscle weakness, pain and phlegm reflexes are reduced or disappeared, breathing is shallow and irregular, then difficulty breathing, cyanosis, blood pressure drops, pupils shrink and then dilated, and finally respiratory paralysis, symptoms develop rapidly, often in number Death within hours.
1, have nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or diarrhea and other symptoms.
2, the beginning can have lips, tongue tip, fingertip numbness, followed by numbness, drooping eyelids, limbs unable to walk unstable, ataxia and so on.
3, severe cases may have difficulty breathing, blood pressure, speech disorders, coma, and finally died of breathing, circulatory failure.
Examine
Tetrodotoxin poisoning test
Electrocardiogram: showing varying degrees of atrioventricular block.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of tetrodotoxin poisoning
diagnosis
1. There is a history of eating pufferfish, which occurs within 1/2-3 hours, and similar symptoms appear in the same diet;
2. Typical clinical manifestations;
3. Electrocardiogram examination: showing different degrees of atrioventricular block;
4. Animal test: Take 5 ml of the patient's urine and inject into the abdominal cavity of the male sputum. Observe the toxic phenomenon at 1/2, 1, 3, and 7 hours after the injection, which can be used for diagnosis and prognosis.
Differential diagnosis
Different from other poisoning.
