belladonna alkaloid plant drug poisoning
Introduction
Introduction to belladonna plant poisoning Atropine is an alkaloid extracted from plants such as belladonna, mandala, and alfalfa. It is commonly used as its sulfate. The main alkaloids in belladonna are atropine and sputum. Mandala is a golden flower. Its roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits all contain atropine, purine, scopolamine, etc.; the atropine content in the fruit can reach 8.33%. The alkaloids contained in the rhizome are mainly purine base, atropine and scopolamine. The drug is rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, and the local mucosa is also inhaled, and most of it is destroyed by liver enzyme hydrolysis. Within 24 hours, 4/5 of the atropine in the body is excreted in the urine, and the scopolamine is excreted slowly. The belladonna alkaloid is a drug of the anticholinergic reaction system, which can block the reaction caused by many cholinergic fibers. Atropine can be mildly excited by the high-grade nerve center, hypothalamus and medulla, especially exercise and speech function, but large doses of the central nervous system are inhibited by excitement. The therapeutic dose of scopolamine has a calming sedative effect, but can excite the respiratory center. Atropine can resist vasodilatation and sudden drop of blood pressure caused by choline drugs. Atropine and scopolamine strongly inhibit the secretion of sweat glands, salivary glands, lacrimal glands, bronchial glands, etc.; the iris sphincter and ciliary muscles do not act on cholinergic nerves, causing Pupil enlargement and elevated intraocular pressure. Excessive treatment or accidental administration of atropine preparations can cause poisoning. Ingestion of mandala berries or leaves can also be poisoned. It can also be caused by external application of mandala leaves or belladonna cream, which is caused by skin absorption and acute poisoning. Adults use 5~10mg. Can cause obvious symptoms of poisoning, the minimum lethal dose is 80 ~ 130mg. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: coma, convulsions and convulsions
Cause
The cause of drug poisoning in belladonna
Excessive treatment or accidental administration of atropine preparations can cause poisoning. Ingestion of mandala berries or leaves can also be poisoned, as well as acute poisoning caused by external absorption of mandala leaves or belladonna cream. Adults with 5 ~ 10mg can cause obvious symptoms of poisoning, the minimum lethal dose is 80 ~ 130mg.
Prevention
Belladonna plant drug poisoning prevention
The vast majority of patients can recover after several days to several weeks.
Complication
Belladonna plant drug toxic complications Complications, coma, convulsions and convulsions
Often cause coma, convulsions, if the treatment is not timely, it will cause death.
Symptom
The symptoms of belladonna plant poisoning common symptoms dry skin and redness coma congestion and blood poison caused by liver damage, drug poisoning, illusion, convulsions
When atropine or belladonna is poisoned, the patient is extremely thirsty, the throat is dry, the blood is congested, the pupil is enlarged, the skin is dry and red, the movement is clumsy, the elderly have dysuria, the severe poisoning has a pulse speed, the body temperature is as high as 40 ° C or more, and later Hallucinations, embarrassment, restlessness, tonicity or clonic convulsions, and finally coma, respiratory superficial and other critical signs, mandala poisoning more than 1/2 to 3 hours after the berry swallowing symptoms, mostly similar to atropine, but with No fever, no red skin, etc., due to the antagonistic effect of scopolamine contained in it, the effect of purine is similar to atropine, but generally does not show the brain excitatory effect of atropine. The symptoms of poisoning can last for hours or days, symptoms of atropine poisoning Long duration, vomiting or gastric lavage found in the residue of mandala and its fruit, to help diagnose, should seek the patient's urine for atropine qualitative analysis or cat's eye dilated test (drop the patient's urine into the cat's eye, if the pupil Expanded to confirm that the urine contains at least 0.3 g of atropine or 0.2 g of scopolamine.
Examine
Examination of belladonna plant poisoning
The patient's urine should be sought for atropine qualitative analysis or cat's eye dilated test (drop the patient's urine into the cat's eye, if the pupil is enlarged, it is confirmed that the urine contains at least 0.3 g of atropine or 0.2 g of scopolamine).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of belladonna plant poisoning
The patient's urine should be sought for atropine qualitative analysis or cat's eye dilated test (drop the patient's urine into the cat's eye, if the pupil is enlarged, it is confirmed that the urine contains at least 0.3 g of atropine or 0.2 g of scopolamine).
