Hysteria
Introduction
Introduction to snoring Hysteria, also known as hysteria. It is a type of mental disorder caused by mental factors, such as major life events, inner conflicts, emotional excitement, suggestiveness or self-suggestion, acting on susceptible individuals. Mainly manifested as a variety of physical symptoms, reduced range of consciousness, selective forgetting or mental outbreaks and other mental symptoms, but no corresponding organic damage as a pathological basis. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.002% - 0.008% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Acne Constipation
Cause
Cause of hysteria
Etiology and pathogenesis
There are two types of pathological psychological mechanisms of snoring: one is a primitive psychological reaction, and anyone can happen when suddenly encountering major mental stimuli. The other is a subconscious, purposeful response. The patient usually has certain characteristics before the onset of personality. The occurrence of snoring is related to hereditary factors and personality traits. It can be summarized as follows: on the basis of a certain personality, the disease is caused by mental stimulation, and it can also occur on the basis of physical diseases.
genetic factors
Foreign data show that the incidence of this disease in close relatives of patients with snoring is 1.7% to 7.3%, which is higher than that of the general population. The incidence rate among female relatives is 20%. In Fujian, China, 24% of patients reported positive family history. It is suggested that genetic factors are more important for some patients than mental factors.
Personality characteristics
(1) Highly emotional: usually emotionally childish, volatility, self-willed, irritable, irritable, sensitive and suspicious, often tempered or crying because of tiny locks. Emotional reactions are too strong, and it is easy to shift from one extreme to the other. It is often exaggerated and dramatic, and it is easy for people to use things.
(2) Highly suggestive: It means that the patient can easily accept the influences of the words, actions, attitudes, etc. of the surrounding people, and the corresponding associations and reactions are called hints; at the time, some of their feelings are uncomfortable to produce a corresponding association and reaction. Said to be self-suggestion. Impliedness depends on the patient's emotional propensity, such as being emotionally inclined to something or someone, and is susceptible to implication.
(3) High self-display: It has a self-centered tendency, and it often exaggerates and displays itself. It likes to be the center of attention. After the illness, the main manifestation is to exaggerate the symptoms and pray for sympathy.
(4) Enriching fantasy: rich in fantasy, its fantasy content is vivid, and it is easy to confuse realization and fantasy with strong emotional influence, giving people the impression of lying.
The above four points are prominent and the typical one is called hysteric morbid personality. The above personality traits are more prominent after the illness.
Mental factors
It is usually caused by acute traumatic stimuli and can also be caused by persistent interpersonal contradictions or inner pains that are difficult to resolve. Especially when anger and sorrow cannot vent, it often leads to sudden onset of disease. In general, mental symptoms are often caused by obvious and strong emotional factors. Physical symptoms are often caused by suggestive or self-suggestion. The mental factors of the first onset often determine the future form of the disease, the characteristics of the symptoms, the course of the disease and the outcome. Although the intensity of mental stimulation is not large at the time of recurrence, there is no obvious cause of objectiveness. Because of the feelings of touching the scene, Lenovo has aroused the same emotional experience and reaction as the first onset, and the symptoms of similar patterns appear.
Body factor
In some cases of physical illness or poor physical condition, it can become a condition of snoring due to the weakening of the cerebral cortex. Such as craniocerebral trauma, acute febrile illness, pregnancy or menstrual period.
Pathogenesis
Scholars explain from different perspectives of psychology, biology, and physiology. According to the principle of repression, the psychodynamics believes that the desire to be oversuppressed by super-I am not in the form of camouflage, through "conversion" or into symptoms. From the point of view of the pathophysiology of advanced neurological activity, the Pavlovian school believes that the weakening of high-level neurological activity (especially the second signaling system) in patients with snoring causes the first signaling system regulated and controlled by it to be relative to the activity of the cortical site. Enhancement or de-inhibition is the pathophysiological basis of the symptoms of snoring. "Reflection" says that the school believes that the symptoms of hysteria are a primitive, instinctive response of the nervous system, which can be strengthened by secondary benefits, or habitualized by conditional reflexive connections, and becomes an active response. The form of this view is based primarily on the treatment experience of wartime snoring and may not be applicable to patients in peacetime.
Prevention
Hysteria prevention
First of all, to treat patients with snoring correctly, rickets are neurosis rather than psychosis. Patients with snoring have no organic disease of the nervous system. Once the cause disappears, the patient will recover.
Second, we must pay attention to alleviate the tension and create a comfortable and relaxed environment for the patients, because tension is a hotbed of sputum.
Third, we must strengthen the training of the patient's will quality, pay attention to cultivate their open-minded and down-to-earth pragmatic spirit.
Fourth, we must try to eliminate the psychological trauma of patients, and enlighten them in a way that make a good way to guide patients to treat life correctly. Treat your own character defects.
Fifth, the use of suggestive therapy, "fake medicine" magical use, when the symptoms of dysentery suddenly appear all kinds of loss of function, you can ask an authoritative doctor to open a placebo, but tell the patient is a panacea that can be removed from the disease to achieve The result of reducing and disappearing symptoms.
Sixth, when the snoring patients are ill, they must first control their words and deeds, let the patients calm down, so as to avoid accidents, and immediately send them to the hospital in case of seriousness.
Complication
Hysteric complications Complications, acne constipation
Some can have physical complications, such as hemorrhoids, constipation, urinary tract infections, etc., and strength and endurance are also significantly reduced.
Symptom
Symptoms of snoring common symptoms rabies mutism children horrible disorder slumber sleepwalking narcissism feeling allergic emotions outbreak dementia deafness
Main symptoms of separation symptoms
(1) Separation and forgetting: It is manifested as sudden inability to recall important personal experiences. Forgotten content is extensive and generally surrounds traumatic events. This forgotten performance cannot be explained by physiological results caused by the use of substances, neurological disorders or other medical problems. The fixed core content can't be remembered in the state of awakening.
(2) Separate roaming: Forgotten with individual identity, manifested as sudden, unplanned travel. The occurrence of separate roaming is associated with traumatic or irresistible life events. Emotional outbreaks: Many see. Expressed as emotional distribution, when you cry, laugh, noisy, and express your own situation with exaggeration. The range of consciousness can be narrow at the time of attack. Impulsive destruction, wounding, self-injury and suicide.
(3) Emotional outbreaks: Many see. Expressed as emotional distribution, when you cry, laugh, noisy, and express your own situation with exaggeration. The range of consciousness can be narrow at the time of attack. Impulsive destruction, wounding, self-injury and suicide.
(4) False dementia: giving people a stupid feeling.
(5) Dual and multiple personality: manifested as sudden change in identity. More typical is the folks who say "ghost possession."
(6) Psychiatric state: Psychiatric symptoms may occur at the time of onset. The difference between schizophrenia and schizophrenia is that the content of hallucinations and delusions is not fixed, varied, and very susceptible to suggestion.
(7) Separation stupor: triggered after trauma or for traumatic experience, with deeper disturbances of consciousness, maintaining a fixed posture for a long time, lying or sitting, no words and random movements, for light, sound and The pain stimulus did not respond, and the patient's muscle tone, posture and breathing were not significantly abnormal.
Main manifestations of conversion symptoms
(1) Movement disorders: can be expressed as reduced movement, increased or abnormal movement. : can show single sputum, paraplegia or hemiplegia, examination can not find evidence of neurological damage; limb tremor, tics and myoclonus; standing can not, walking can not; mutism, aphonia.
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(3) large seizures: there are obvious psychological incentives before seizures, convulsions have no regularity, no rigidity and clonic period, often wrist joints, metacarpophalangeal joint flexion, phalanx joints straight, thumb adduction, lower limbs Straightening or body stiffness, rapid paroxysmal warmness, slightly flushed face, no urinary incontinence, no biting tongue, normal pupil size at the time of attack; corneal reflex exists, even sensitive, although consciousness is unclear, but can be implicated to suspend convulsions At the end of the attack, the limbs are not slack, and the general attack can last for several minutes or several hours.
(4) Various peculiar muscle tension disorders, muscle weakness, and dance-like movements, but no organic changes were confirmed.
(5) Hearing impairment: more manifested as sudden hearing loss, electrical audiometry and auditory evoked potential examination normal, loss of voice, aphasia, but no vocal cords, tongue and throat muscle paralysis, normal pronunciation when coughing, but also softly whisper.
(6) visual impairment: can be manifested as amblyopia, blindness, tube vision, concentric vision reduction, monocular diplopia, often sudden, can also suddenly return to normal after treatment.
(7) Sensory disturbance: It can be expressed as somatosensory loss, allergy or abnormality, or special sensory disturbance. The range of sensory insufficiency is inconsistent with the distribution of nerves; hypersensitivity manifests itself to the local sensitivity of the skin to touch.
Special manifestations of hysteria
1. Epidemic snoring is the collective attack of snoring, which occurs in groups that share common life and experience and have similar concepts. At first, one person was ill, and the surrounding people were witnessed, and by implication, there was an explosive epidemic in the short term.
2. Compensatory neurosis In work-related injuries, traffic accidents or medical disputes, victims sometimes deliberately show, retain or exaggerate symptoms. If not handled properly, these symptoms often last for a long time. Some people think that this is a special form of hysteria.
3. Occupational neurosis is a kind of motor coordination disorder that is closely related to professional activities. For example, when the dancers are performing, the lower limbs can't move, and the teachers lose their voices when they walk on the stage.
Hysteric psychosis suddenly starts after mental stimulation, mainly manifested as consciousness, roaming, naive and disorder behaviors and recurring fantasy life plots, with illusions and delusions of fragments. Insufficient self-awareness and indifference to the disease. The disease usually begins in an emergency, and the course of the disease can last for several weeks, during which there may be a short interval. There is no residual symptoms after remission, but it can be re-issued.
Examine
Hysteric examination
There was no positive finding for corresponding organic damage.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hysteria
Diagnose based on
1. There are psychosocial factors as incentives.
2. One of the following performances:
(1) Hysteric forgetting.
(2) Hysteria roaming.
(3) Hysteric double or multiple personality.
(4) Hysteria psychosis.
(5) Hysteria psychosis.
(6) Hysteric sports and sensory disturbances.
(7) Other forms of snoring.
3. Symptoms impede social function.
4. There are sufficient evidence to exclude organic lesions and other mental illnesses.
Differential diagnosis
1. Acute stress disorder: The occurrence, development and mental stimulation of acute stress disorder are closely related. The patient developed symptoms immediately after a strong stress event, with a short course of disease, no history of recurrent episodes, and a good prognosis.
2. Schizophrenia: Emotional outbreaks of dissociative disorders and childish movements are confusing for younger forms of schizophrenia that are prone to acute attacks. The emotional changes of youthful schizophrenia patients are unpredictable, crying and laughing, and have no corresponding connection with the surrounding environment. The behavior is absurd, stupid, ridiculous and incomprehensible. At the same time, according to the longitudinal observation data of Bingchen, it also helps to identify.
3. Neurological diseases: Separation of conversion disorders, such as the occurrence of paresthesia, dyskinesia or seizures, is similar to neurological diseases. However, the separation of conversion disorders without the basis of organic lesions, the neurological examination will not appear corresponding positive signs, and the auxiliary examination can further confirm the diagnosis.
4. Fraud: A fraud is a condition in which you have no condition, dressed up as a disease for a certain purpose, or deliberately expand your condition in order to achieve a certain purpose. The "symptoms" of the fraud are completely determined by subjective wishes and controlled at will. Once the purpose is reached, the "symptoms" will heal themselves. Once the symptoms of separation and transformation disorders occur, subjective consciousness cannot be controlled.
