phobia
Introduction
Introduction to phobia Phobia (phobicneurosis) is a neurosis in which phobia is the main clinical phase. Patients have strong and unnecessary fears of certain specific subjects, accompanied by avoidance behavior. The object of fear may be single or multiple, such as animals, squares, closed rooms, ascending or social activities. The patient knows that his response is unreasonable, but it is difficult to control and recurs. Most of the adolescents and elderly people are sick, and women are more common. The prevalence rate reported in the general population is 77, and the average prevalence rate in China is about 2. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.0045% Susceptible people: good for young and old people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Anxiety Disorder Terrorist Anxiety Disorder
Cause
Cause of phobia
The cause is unknown and may be related to the following factors:
Genetic factors (15%):
Slater et al. (1977) reported that among the first-degree relatives of patients, 20% of parents and 10% of siblings suffered from neurosis, and that genetic factors may be related to the pathogenesis. It is also pointed out that there is no evidence to show that heredity is occurring in the disease. makes an important impact.
Mental factors (20%):
It often plays a more important role in the onset. For example, if someone encounters a car accident, they will have fear of riding. It may happen that a situation happens on the background of anxiety, or acute anxiety occurs in a certain situation. Fear occurs and is fixed as a target of terror.
Environmental factors (25%):
The horror of a particular object may be related to the education of the parents, the influence of the environment, and personal experience (such as being bitten by a dog and being afraid of dogs). The psychodynamics believe that terror is the symbolic effect of the repressed subconscious anxiety and the result of the substitution. The role of conditioned reflexes and learning mechanisms in the development of this disease is a more convincing explanation.
Personality characteristics (20%):
Pre-existing personality tends to be naive, timid, shy, dependent and introverted.
Prevention
Phobia prevention
To prevent social phobia, we must psychologically remove the feeling of inferiority in social interaction. If we take a negative psychology, we often make ourselves reluctant to talk more and do not want more activities. In fact, everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. Being socially inferior to others is not nothing like others. Think more about your strengths and people who are not used to socializing. In particular, you must remove the feeling of inferiority and establish a self-reliance, self-confidence and self-reliance. Only then Psychologically can overcome the negative, in the people, become active, and appear to be generous.
To prevent social phobia, we must also remove the word "fear" psychologically. Normal social activities do not have any mysterious colors. They are only social interactions and entertainment between people, so they pay too much attention to their social interactions. Words and demeanor are superfluous, easy-going, generous, natural, what to say in peacetime, how to do it, social interaction, time is long, socialization is used to it.
To prevent social phobias, you should also pay attention to the form of social interaction. For example, you can participate in social interaction with clear social content before social interaction. If you have specific social content in your mind, you can transfer your attention from yourself to things without being overly nervous. Socializing can be accompanied by more experienced social activities. The companion sings the "protagonist" and sings the "supporting role". This way, you can learn other people's social ways, and you can train your social skills to prevent social problems. situation.
Complication
Horror complications Complications anxiety disorder phobia anxiety disorder
Phobia is also accompanied by severe anxiety, but it is paroxysmal and circumstantial. There is no specific object of anxiety disorder, which persists. It is also called "floating anxiety" or "general anxiety disorder".
Symptom
Symptoms of phobia common symptoms syphilis horror anxiety nervous expression phobia acne fear forced phobia place fear child withdrawal behavior child phobia
First, the symptoms:
(1) A strong fear of an object or situation.
(2) Fear is often accompanied by obvious autonomic symptoms.
(3) The patient knows that this fear is unnecessary, but it cannot be controlled. He still tries to avoid it. There are three kinds of clinical phobia, social phobia and simple phobia.
Second, the age of onset:
Animal phobia often originated in childhood, social horror mostly originated in late childhood or pre-adolescent, square horror is mostly in the 20 to 40 years old.
Third, the course of disease:
Leading three types of phobias have a tendency to develop chronically, and the longer the course of disease, the worse the curative effect.
Examine
Detecting phobia
Although the course of the disease is long, the prognosis is good, and generally it can gradually improve or heal after several years. Nervous system examination to rule out organic lesions.
Nervous system examination: The nervous system examination is to determine the location and extent of damage and damage to the nervous system, that is, to solve the "positioning" diagnosis of the lesion. The examination should be carried out in a certain order and with the general physical examination. The cranial nerves are usually first examined, including their movements, sensations, reflexes, and autonomic functions; the motor and reflexes of the upper and lower limbs are then examined in turn, and the sensory and autonomic nervous systems are finally examined. The examination should also be based on medical history and preliminary observations, with a particular focus, especially when critically ill patients are examined. In addition, cerebral cortical dysfunction such as consciousness, aphasia, misuse, and misrecognition also belong to the category of neurological examination.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of phobia
diagnosis
1. Meet the diagnostic criteria for neurosis.
2. Focusing on fear, it must meet the following four items: 1 There is a strong fear of certain objects or situations, the degree of fear is not commensurate with the actual risk; 2 There are anxiety and autonomic symptoms at the time of attack; 3 There are repeated or continuous avoidance Behavior; 4 know that fear is excessive, unreasonable, or unnecessary, but uncontrollable.
3. The avoidance of fear scenarios and things must be or have been prominent symptoms.
4. Exclude anxiety, schizophrenia, and suspected illness.
Differential diagnosis
Anxiety disorder
Both anxiety and phobia are characterized by anxiety, but anxiety in patients with anxiety is persistent and not specific to a particular situation or object. The anxiety associated with phobia is mostly contingent, targeted, and episode, and can be alleviated or disappeared with the avoidance of fear or anxiety.
OCD
Obsessive symptoms stem from certain thoughts or concepts in the patient's heart, fear of losing self-control, not fear of outside things, and often forced actions.
3. Suspected illness
Patients with fear of the disease may be similar to the suspected illness, fear is generally not prominent, and the suspect is worried about itself, thinking that their doubts and fears are reasonable; and the fear of fear is the external object or situation, and think This fear is unreasonable, just can't get rid of it.
