anxiety
Introduction
Introduction to anxiety Anxiety neurosis (referred to as anxiety disorder) is a neurosis characterized by anxiety. It is manifested in the fearless and fearful mood of clear objective objects and specific concepts, as well as autonomic symptoms and muscle tension, as well as motor anxiety. The disease is divided into two forms of panic disorder and generalized anxiety. The main manifestations are: nervous worry without clear objective objects, restlessness, and autonomic symptoms (heart palpitations, hand shaking, sweating, frequent urination, etc.). The current cause is not clear, and may be related to genetic factors, personality characteristics, cognitive processes, adverse life events, biochemistry, and physical illnesses. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: depression, neurasthenia, insomnia, epilepsy
Cause
Cause of anxiety disorder
Psychological factors (30%):
I am not prepared to meet the sufferings of life, and I always hope that I will sail smoothly and safely. Those who have not prepared for the sufferings will be horrified when they encounter contradictions, blaming others, and feeling alive. This is one of the specific causes of anxiety.
Neurotic personality (20%):
The cause of anxiety is also manifested in neurotic personality. These people have low psychological quality, are sensitive to any stimuli, and are at the touch of an eye. They are overly responsive to stimuli. The ability to withstand setbacks is too low and the self-defense instinct is too strong. Even if you are not sick, you are worried, you are worried, blushing, suspicious, and so mental, how can you not be anxious.
Long-term use of certain drugs (15%):
For some people, long-term use of certain drugs (such as some high blood pressure, treatment of arthritis or Parkinson's disease) can cause anxiety symptoms, which is also the cause of anxiety.
Overworked (15%):
Pursue perfection in work and life. A little unsatisfactory, it is very regrettable, upset, long and short sighs, old worried about problems, can not be all day long. Don't set too much mental shackles for yourself, too tired, and pull the string of life too tight.
Physical factors (15%):
In some rare cases, the patient's anxiety symptoms can be triggered by physical factors. Many researchers have tried to find out whether the central nervous system of patients with anxiety disorders, especially certain neurotransmitters, is the chief culprit in causing anxiety disorders. .
Prevention
Anxiety disorder prevention
Dietary attention: patients with anxiety disorders, generally for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, should reasonably arrange life, prevent overeating or eating irregular, so as not to increase the burden of the gastrointestinal tract, aggravate symptoms, for heart disease symptoms For patients, it should be away from irritating tobacco and alcohol, strong tea, coffee, spicy food, etc., because they can cause sympathetic excitation, rapid heartbeat, premature beats, etc., so that the existing symptoms are more prominent, it is recommended to be light, Digestible food-based food, do not rest immediately after eating, for bloating, constipation, you can also take drugs to help digestion and laxative.
Complication
Complications of anxiety Complications depression neurasthenia insomnia epilepsy
Can be associated with depression, neurasthenia, insomnia, epilepsy and other symptoms.
Symptom
Symptoms of Anxiety Symptoms Common Symptoms Emotional Insomnia Panic Attack Tension Neurotic Personality Test Syndrome Anxiety Chest Pain Anxiety Chest Pain Severe Emotional Disorder Mental Disorder
First, the symptom classification
Anxiety disorders occur mostly in young and middle-aged groups. The induced factors are mainly related to people's personality and environment. The former are more common in those who are introverted, shy, and too nervous. The latter often compete with fierce competition, overload work, and long-term mental work. Interpersonal tensions are closely related, and some patients are atypical. The doctors often divide anxiety into two types: acute anxiety and chronic anxiety.
(1) Acute anxiety: mainly manifested as panic-like episodes, which occur frequently during sleep at night, and there is a feeling of sudden death. The patient's heart beats violently, the chest is depressed, the throat is blocked and breathing difficulties, and excessive breathing caused by panic Respiratory alkalosis (excessive carbon dioxide exhalation leads to alkaline blood), which can induce numbness of the limbs, numbness around the mouth, pale complexion, abdominal swelling, etc., further aggravating the patient's fear and causing the patient's mental breakdown. It is often emotional and nervous, often giving the doctor an illusion of a cardiovascular attack. The general acute anxiety episode lasts for a few minutes or hours. After the episode or after appropriate treatment, the symptoms can be alleviated or disappeared.
(2) Chronic anxiety: Acute anxiety is often produced on the background of chronic anxiety, but more patients are mainly characterized by chronic anxiety. The typical symptoms of chronic anxiety are five major symptoms, namely, palpitation, fatigue, nervousness, shortness of breath and chest pain. In addition, there are tensions, cold sweat, syncope, belching, nausea, bloating, constipation, impotence, frequent urination, etc., sometimes difficult to distinguish from neurasthenia or other specialist diseases, so doctors need to have a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the disease, so as not to misdiagnose Sometimes, some necessary auxiliary examinations can help to rule out organic diseases, such as electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, gastrointestinal angiography, gastroscope, etc. can help doctors find out the disease, but the subjective symptoms of anxiety are serious, but objective The expedition is very light or negative.
Second, the symptoms
(1) Generalized anxiety disorder:
It is characterized by frequent or persistent, unclear objects or fixed content, or excessively worried or annoyed with certain problems in real life. This kind of nervousness, worry or trouble is not commensurate with reality; often accompanied by Autonomic nerve function, exercise tension and excessive vigilance.
(2) Panic attacks:
It is a recurring state of panic, accompanied by a sense of frequency or loss of control, and may have serious autonomic symptoms.
(3) There are at least 3 panic attacks within one month, and each episode does not exceed 2 hours, which obviously affects daily activities.
Physical examination found that fear episodes are not caused by physical illness, without schizophrenia, affective disorder or other neurological diseases.
Examine
Anxiety examination
Sometimes necessary auxiliary examinations help to rule out organic diseases, such as electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, gastrointestinal angiography, gastroscopy, etc. can help doctors detect the disease.
Electrocardiogram: Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a technique for recording the electrical activity change pattern generated by each cardiac cycle of the heart from the body surface using an electrocardiograph.
X-ray chest X-ray: The chest radiograph is the sepal of the chest, which is called chest radiography clinically. The subject takes a standing position and is generally given a suffocating shot under calm inhalation. Cardiovascular routine chest X-ray examination included posterior anterior position (focus-plate distance 200 cm), left anterior oblique position (60°-65°), right anterior oblique position (45°-55°), and left-hand position photographs. The orthotopic chest radiograph can show the size, shape, location and contour of the large blood vessels of the heart. It can observe the relationship between the heart and adjacent organs and the changes of blood vessels in the lungs. It can be used for the measurement of the heart and its diameter.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic diagnosis of anxiety
diagnosis
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Excessive anxiety lasts for more than half a year and is accompanied by at least 4 physical symptoms such as motor anxiety, autonomic hyperactivity and excessive alertness; and anxiety is not caused by organic diseases.
Panic attack: At least 3 panic attacks in a month, each episode no more than 2 hours, and significantly affect daily activities; this episode is not caused by physical illness, nor accompanied by schizophrenia, affective disorder or other nerves Syndrome.
Differential diagnosis
Need to pay attention to the identification of diseases: hyperthyroidism, stimulating drug overdose, sedative drugs or benzodiazepine withdrawal reactions.
To distinguish between depression and anxiety
Depression: Sorrow or depression is only a symptom. Depression is often characterized by physical symptoms. The patient complains of pain (headache, abdominal pain), fatigue, sleep disturbance, appetite change, apathy, irritability, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, drugs. Abuse, negative thoughts, interpersonal pressure, worthlessness, pessimism, guilt, shame, etc.
Anxiety disorders: Severe anxiety affects normal function. Common symptoms include: tremor, nervousness, wheezing, sweating, dizziness, lack of concentration, sleep disturbance, irritability, panic: repeated panic attacks (symptoms similar to heart accidents) It can be complicated with square phobia. Patients may have physical symptoms and may control anxiety or depression with alcohol or drugs.
