Tinea pedis
Introduction
Introduction to the hand and foot Hand, foot and ankle are the general term for handcuffs and ankles. Handcuffs refer to dermatophyte infections that occur between the palms and fingers. Ankle is a dermatophyte infection that occurs in the ankle and toe. Athlete's foot is the most common disease in dermatophytosis, and it is more common in adults and is prevalent throughout the world. In the onset of athlete's foot, the lack of sebaceous glands and the wet environment caused by wearing closed shoes are the most important factors. The main pathogens include Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Fusarium oxysporum, and Trichophyton rubrum. Foot lice rarely cause serious illness or death, but can cause bacterial cellulitis as a gateway to bacterial invasion. The interphalangeal foot and ankle have the highest risk, and the second hyperthyroidism is again the ankle and foot. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 10-20% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: contact spread Complications: beriberi contact dermatitis
Cause
Causes of hand, foot and ankle
Infection (25%):
The pathogenic bacteria are mainly the genus Trichophyton and Epidermidis. The common species are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton rubrum and Fusarium oxysporum. Red Trichophyton is difficult to control due to its strong resistance. It has become the main pathogen of the current ankle in China.
Route of transmission (20%):
This disease is caused by contact infection, bathing in public baths, wearing public slippers, wearing patients' shoes, socks, gloves, using public bath towels, etc., which are susceptible to the disease. The cause of widespread infection may be due to red buttercups. Bacteria or flocculent sputum often forms joint spores in the dandruff. It can survive long-term survival against harsh environments and has the ability to infect others. In addition, Trichophyton rubrum easily causes thickening of the corner layer and invades the mane. It is not easy to cure, and it is easy to relapse. Moreover, because the severity of the injury is not strong, the patient has no self-conscious symptoms and often does not pay attention to it, but does not seek medical treatment in time, so the lesion often does not heal.
Age (5%):
It is more common in young adults, but there is no statistics on the incidence of morbidity increasing with age.
Gender (10%):
Generally, more male patients than females may have a wider range of male activities, more travel and no attention to hygiene.
Climate (15%):
Fungi are active in warm and humid conditions, so the incidence rate is high in southern China, and there are fewer dry and cold northern patients.
Occupation (15%):
Some factory and mining enterprise units need to wear rubber shoes or long boots, and some work environments are hot and humid (such as some workshops in textile mills), and the incidence of ankles is high.
Health (5%):
Always pay attention to personal hygiene, often wash your feet, without the use of public bath towels or slippers can reduce the chance of infection.
Prevention
Hand, foot and ankle prevention
Prevent hand, foot and squats to work hard to:
1 often wash the feet and shoes and socks, often puff powder, keep the feet dry and clean.
2 Have enough to catch, so as not to spread the scales, infect others or their own hand infections.
3 Do not share bath towels and shoes and socks with others to avoid mutual infection.
4 should strive to persuade the surrounding athletes and feet to actively take effective treatment.
Complication
Hand, foot and ankle complications Complications beriberi contact dermatitis
Hand, foot and ankle are usually very itchy, and the disease may be very painful. You should not scratch it at will, which will not only stimulate the vicious circle of the nerve endings, but also spread the infection, and it is easy to cause complication. The affected area is prone to bacterial infection, which is easy to purulent, and the purulent wound usually leaves scar after healing.
Symptom
Symptoms of Hand, Foot and Ankle Symptoms Common symptoms Symptoms of hand, foot and splitting nails have red or black spots. Eyes of the corns are falling and causing... Epidermal keratosis scaly hands, thick-walled blister, foot and papules itching
Foot and ankle are more common in adults, both men and women can suffer, often exacerbated in summer, reduced in autumn, often not extended, often for many years, according to their skin lesions are often seen into the following 3 types, but the three can occur simultaneously or alternately, or Take a certain type.
1. The scaly blister type is the most common, often between the toes, the foot and its lateral margins repeatedly appear needle-sized herpes and herpes, gathered or scattered, the wall thickness is bright, there are varying degrees of inflammatory reaction and itching, blistering and desquamation, It has a small collar shape or a large shape, which continuously falls off and continues to occur. When the condition is stable, it is often dominated by desquamation.
2. Impregnated erosion type is common in the fourth, fifth toe, the horny layer is impregnated, whitish, soft, exfoliated to reveal red erosion surface or honeycomb base, there may be a little exudate, this type is easy to secondary infection, and acute lymphangitis , lymphadenitis and erysipelas.
3. Hyperkeratosis is common in foot roots, athlete's foot and its lateral margins. The stratum corneum is thickened, rough, desquamation, dry, and the symptoms are mild. Every winter, it is prone to chapped. This type often occurs in the disease. Older patients.
Handcuffs are common in patients with hyperkeratosis of the foot, mostly non-inflammatory, and unilateral (two-legged one-hand syndrome). The palms and fingers have diffuse hyperkeratosis. There may also be exfoliation, blisters and papules.
Examine
Hand and foot examination
Under normal circumstances, we can confirm the diagnosis according to the clinical manifestations of hand, foot and ankle combined with fungal microscopy or culture.
Hand rubbing auxiliary test: scrape the scales, pick up the blister fluid and add 10% koH microscopic examination, visible branch-separated hyphae, but the keratinized thickening handcuffs have a low positive rate of direct microscopic examination, need to be repeatedly checked, take scales or The blister fluid was inoculated on Shah's agar, cultured in a warm state, and colonies were grown within 2 weeks. The strains could be identified according to the colony morphology and microscopic characteristics.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hand, foot and ankle
According to the typical clinical manifestations, the diagnosis is not difficult, but the atypical hand, foot and ankle are often confused with hand and foot eczema, palmoplantar pustulosis and sweat herpes. It should be noted that fungal examination often helps to confirm the diagnosis.
Eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease caused by a variety of internal and external factors in the superficial epidermis and dermis. It is characterized by conscious pruritus, pleomorphic lesions, symmetric distribution, tendency to exude, chronic course, easy to repeat attack.
