Onychomycosis
Introduction
Introduction to hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism, commonly known as "nail nails", refers to diseases caused by Pichia bacteria invading the deck or under the arm. Onychomycosis is an infection caused by fungi such as dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-sclerotium. Common fungus type 2: 1 fungal white nail (superficial white onychomycosis) This type of lesion is limited to one side of a nail or its tip; 2 under the fungal disease is divided into distal lateral type, proximal end Type and superficial white, this type of lesion begins on either or both sides of the nail, and infection occurs under the deck. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: paronychia
Cause
Cause of hyperthyroidism
Infection (36%):
Hyperthyroidism is often caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Gypsum-like Trichophyton, and F. oxysporum. Others such as Gram-negative bacterium, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton rubrum, Concentric Trichophyton can cause hyperthyroidism. Fungal white nails are often caused by Gypsum-like Trichophyton, and occasionally by cephalosporins, Fusarium and Aspergillus ochre.
Onychomycosis is caused by other filamentous fungi, yeast-like bacteria and yeast. Mostly found in malnourished nails. It has been confirmed that Candida albicans and Phytophthora capsici can cause onychomycosis. In recent years, it has been found that Candida albicans and the like often cause onychomycosis.
Personal factors (30%):
Personal factors, such as not paying attention to personal hygiene, love to wear tights and airtight shoes, old and frail, and so on. It is often the first to suffer from skin rickets, such as athlete's foot, and then transmitted to the toe (referring to) armor, but there are also a few people who have hyperthyroidism first, and then cause skin infection through the disease. Hyperthyroidism can not only be transmitted by itself, but also transmitted to others. Although rickets do not invade the blood and internal organs, once they invade the deck, they form a hotbed of dermatophyte infection, and long-term rickets may cause bacterial infections, causing local skin redness and even suppuration. It can affect people's social, employment, and contusion of their self-confidence, leading to a decline in the quality of life, and may also be transmitted to family and friends.
Other factors (20%):
Such as shaking hands, using banknotes, holding the handrails of the car, taking the phone, etc., will spread the pathogenic fungus to the skin of healthy people and become an important channel for infection.
Prevention
Hyperthyroidism prevention
1. Prevent infection: Avoid using public footwear, towels and other sanitary ware; do not walk barefoot in public swimming pools, bathrooms, saunas, gyms, etc.
2. Improve personal hygiene: keep the skin dry, use talcum powder in summer; change clothes and socks frequently; avoid wearing non-breathable, non-absorbent, over-tight shoes and clothes, so that sweat can evaporate in time; minimize overheating Work in a humid environment; treat skin rickets that have already occurred in time to avoid infection with other parts of the body.
Complication
Hyperthyroidism Complications
Complications: The nails of hyperthyroidism are exposed to the outside. Once subjected to various traumas, the bacteria are prone to long-term drive, leading to complications such as paronychia, nail bed inflammation, and finger pyoderma.
Symptom
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism Common symptoms White nails become soft or deformed Auricles, body nails, nails appear black
Hypothyroidism
Often starting from the sides or at the end of the deck, there are mild paronychia, which gradually becomes chronic or gradually subsides. Paronychia can cause pits or grooves on the nail surface, which persists or gradually accumulates. Once the deck is infected, it can form cracks, become brittle or thicken, brown or black. This type is common. Due to the deposition of keratin and debris, the nails become loose and hyperthyroidism is hypertrophic.
2. Fungal white nails (superficial white nails)
One or more small turbid areas on the deck surface are irregular in shape and can gradually spread to the entire deck, causing the surface to soften and sink. No symptoms, no paronychia, often seen in the skin of the nail bed wrinkles.
3. Hyperthyroidism caused by Candida albicans
More common in housewives, cooks and people who often come into contact with water. More combined with paronychia, from the side of the nail folds, may have skin redness, empyema, tenderness. The nearby nails turned dark, raised, and separated under the nail bed, and then the entire deck was affected.
Examine
Hyperthyroidism
A subfamily A hyperthyroidism is easily found by PAS staining. It can be seen that the hyphae and joint spores are confined to the lowermost part of the deck.
Fungal hyphae of fungal white nails are confined to the uppermost part of the deck and rarely affect deeper layers. A large number of hyphae and irregular joint spores were seen on the upper part of the deck, which was larger and wider than the hyphae seen under the nail type.
Diagnosis
Hyperthyroidism diagnosis
diagnosis:
A type of hyperthyroidism is difficult to diagnose because of its small amount of fungi and often located at the lowermost part of the deck. Other fungal white nails and hyperthyroidism are not difficult to diagnose from clinical manifestations combined with fungal examination. Fungal examinations include direct microscopy, fungal culture, histopathological examination, and the like. Direct microscopic examination of fungi is simple and easy, and clinical application is common.
According to the performance of the disease: turbidity, thickening, uneven surface, brittle and brittle, stratification, discoloration, deck lift, deck atrophy, deck shedding, hook-shaped nail, paronychia, etc. can help diagnose.
Differential diagnosis:
Hyperthyroidism needs to be differentiated from other diseases caused by skin diseases and systemic diseases. For example, psoriasis nail disease, congenital thick nail disease, congenital white nail disease, eczema, scleroderma, syringomyelia, Raynaud's disease, continuous acral dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis can cause nail changes. These nail diseases often involve several nails and often occur symmetrically.
