periodontal disease
Introduction
Introduction to periodontal disease Periodontal disease is a disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth, including gums, cementum, periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. It is one of the most common oral diseases and a major cause of tooth loss. However, not all of these patients are at the same time, depending on the severity and extent of local inflammation. In fact, periodontal disease can be divided into two categories: gingivitis and periodontitis. The main clinical manifestations of the disease are gingival inflammation, hemorrhage, periodontal pocket formation, alveolar bone resorption, alveolar bone height reduction, loose teeth, displacement, chewing weakness, severe teeth can fall off or cause tooth extraction. Epidemiological investigations show that periodontitis is the first cause of loss of teeth in adults in China. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.2% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: bad breath, periodontal abscess
Cause
The cause of periodontal disease
Dental calculus (25%):
The calculus is a mineralized plaque deposited on the tooth surface. The calculus is divided into two types: iliac calculus and subgingival calculus according to its deposition site and nature. The upper calculus is located on the tooth surface above the gingival margin and can be seen directly by the naked eye. There are more deposits in the neck of the teeth, especially in the opposite side of the opening of the large parotid duct. The buccal side of the maxillary molars and the lingual side of the mandibular anterior teeth are deposited more. The underarm tartar is located on the root surface below the gingival margin, in the sac pocket or in the periodontal pocket. The naked eye cannot be directly viewed. It must be probed to know the deposition site and deposition amount. The underarm calculus can be formed on any tooth, but with more adjacent faces and tongues.
Traumatic occlusion (30%):
In the case of occlusion, if the occlusal force is too large or the direction is abnormal, the occlusion that causes the damage of the periodontal tissue beyond the periodontal tissue can be absorbed, which is called traumatic occlusion. Traumatic occlusion includes early contact during occlusion, occlusion interference, and night molars.
Plaque (30%):
Plaque refers to a microbial group that adheres to the surface of a tooth and cannot be removed by mouthwash, water rinse, or the like. It has been recognized that plaque is the initiator of periodontal disease and is the main cause of periodontal disease.
Prevention
Periodontal disease prevention
Patients with periodontal disease can adopt the five-word health care method, and the effect is better.
After each meal, before brushing your teeth, the cleaned index finger is extended into the cavity, and the residue accumulated around the tooth is snapped out in the direction of the tooth, which also plays the role of massaging the gums.
After being pushed, use a toothbrush to brush the remaining residue from the teeth in the direction of the teeth.
The residue left in the mouth and on the teeth is removed, and 2 to 5% saline is used.
After the above steps, gently massage the gums 10 to 15 times with food and thumb, and massage from top to bottom to improve the blood circulation of the diseased tissue, which is conducive to the rapid elimination of inflammation.
The upper and lower jaws are 10 to 15 times in order to move the roots of the teeth and function as a solid tooth. Long-term adherence can control periodontal disease and protect unaffected teeth.
Complication
Periodontal disease complications Complications, bad breath, periodontal abscess
There may be complications such as pain, overflowing pus and bad breath.
The most important local complications, including periodontal abscess, loose teeth, etc., are generally small, and some scholars believe that it may be related to certain rheumatic diseases, which is not clear.
Symptom
Symptoms of periodontal disease Common symptoms After the molars, the red and swollen gums, the long pus, the gums, the bleeding gums, the swelling of the teeth, the loosening of the teeth and the formation of the periodontal pockets.
The main clinical manifestations are gingival inflammation, hemorrhage, periodontal pocket formation, alveolar bone resorption, alveolar bone height reduction, loose teeth, displacement, chewing weakness, severe teeth can fall off or cause tooth extraction. Epidemiological investigations show that periodontitis is the first cause of loss of teeth in adults in China.
1. The main manifestation of phlegm is that the gums and sputum nipples become round, bright, and the spots disappear. The enamel is soft and fragile, lacking elasticity, and the sputum is easy to bleed, and there are local tartar or calculus.
2. Periodontitis In addition to the performance of gingivitis, there is also the formation of periodontal pockets, pus overflow in the periodontal pocket, teeth loose to varying degrees, X-ray photographs show that the alveolar bone is absorbed to varying degrees.
Examine
Periodontal disease examination
1. Blood routine examination.
2. X-ray film inspection.
3. Secretion and tissue culture + drug sensitivity.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of periodontal disease
diagnosis
1. Gingival redness and tenderness or gingival recession, bleeding when brushing or eating.
2. The periodontal pocket is formed and overflows.
3. The teeth are loose and displaced.
4. Alveolar bone absorption, height reduction, trabecular bone reduction or disappearance.
Differential diagnosis
Different from gum disease.
