tongue disease
Introduction
Introduction to tongue disease Tongue disease includes: map tongue, crack tongue, hair tongue, middle tongue. There is a filiform nipple exfoliation area on the back of the tongue, and there are yellow-white high-rise edges around it. It is very migratory and generally has no symptoms. It is not difficult to diagnose. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 5.5% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: glossitis
Cause
Cause of tongue disease
Map tongue
The cause is unknown, and may be related to chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, anemia, intestinal parasites, B vitamin deficiency, mental disorders, focal infections, etc. Some patients have a clear family history.
Groove tongue
The cause is unknown, which may be related to the developmental malformation of congenital tongue. In addition, vitamin deficiency and geographical conditions are also concerned. In recent years, this disease may be an early manifestation of psoriasis. Some patients have a clear family history, so it is considered May be related to heredity.
Hair tongue
Often due to changes in the oral environment, such as poor oral hygiene, long-term use of antibiotics, the use of bismuth-containing agents, excessive smoking, etc. affect the function of the protease and cause the keratinized epithelial cells on the filamentous nipple to delay falling off.
Centered diamond tongue
In the past, it was thought that during the development of the tongue, due to some factors, the odd nodules could not be fully covered by the joint process of the tongues on both sides, but the diamond-shaped area formed in front of the blind holes was exposed. The detection rate of Candida albicans is high, and histopathological findings are very similar to those of chronic proliferative candidiasis, so it is believed that this site is caused by Candida albicans infection.
Prevention
Tongue disease prevention
Find out the cause and remove the pathogenic factors, such as quitting smoking, drinking alcohol, eating less pigmented foods, replacing suspicious drugs, maintaining good oral hygiene, brushing the hairy area with a toothbrush, removing mold and keratinized nipples, but Prevent excessive bleeding and bleeding.
Complication
Tongue disease complications Complications
Very few people may have deeper cracks in the back of the tongue, and it is easy to hide food debris and bacteria, causing inflammation, often mild irritation. At this time, the tongue is enlarged, the back of the tongue is deep and cracked, and it is easy to hide food. Residues and bacteria are retained, causing inflammation, often with mild irritation. At this time, the tongue can be enlarged by the edges of the tongue on both sides. Wrinkles are often prone to food debris, which may cause secondary infections, redness, discomfort or tingling, malodor, and even superficial ulcers.
Symptom
Symptoms of tongue disease Common symptoms Tongue tremor tongue inflammation stomatous tongue drooping nausea abscess strong tongue numb tongue nipple disappears granuloma
Symptoms of each tongue disease:
Map tongue
There is a silky nipple exfoliation area on the back of the tongue, and there are yellow-white high-rise edges around it. It is very migratory and generally has no symptoms. It is not difficult to diagnose.
Groove tongue
The signs of the disease are obvious, and the diagnosis is easy. For example, the grooved tongue is combined with facial paralysis and granulomatous cheilitis, and the diagnosis is Mei-Roy syndrome.
Map tongue
Microscopically, the fibrotic nipple in the erythema area was obviously atrophied, the epithelium was thin, the epithelial nail was flat, the epithelial area of the marginal area was thickened, the intracellular edema, and occasionally the superficial epithelium was formed with microabscess, and the submucosal vasodilatation of the lesion area was hyperemia and lymphocytes. Infiltration with plasma cells.
Groove tongue
The striate epithelium is obviously thinner, with no keratinized layer, the epithelial nailing is columnar, the basal cells are arranged neatly, the capillaries in the lamina propria are increased, the vasodilatation is congested, and the inflammatory cells are infiltrated with neutrophils. Deep to submucosal tissue or muscle layer, lymphocytes, plasma cells and telangiectasia can be seen during inflammation.
Hair tongue
Filamentous nipple keratinocytes increased significantly, epithelial nailing also increased significantly, and lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrated in the lamina propria.
Centered diamond tongue
The epithelium is atrophied, the tongue nipple disappears, and a small amount of inflammatory cells infiltrate in the lamina propria.
Clinical manifestation
Map tongue
Occurs in children, generally subjective symptoms are not obvious, no significant impact on health.
On the back of the tongue, there are round, elliptical or curved irregular filamentous and ovate-like nipples that are smooth and erythematous, under the micro-recess, surrounded by slightly yellowish white edges, and the lesions are red and white. Map, the name of the map tongue (geographic tongue), lesion pattern, can be eccentrically enlarged overnight, each lesion can be merged with each other, because of its morphological position, it is also called migratory glossitis (migratory glossitis), in the process of enlargement of the lesion, the central part gradually returned to normal, except for a few patients with burning sensation and irritating pain, generally no obvious symptoms, normal tongue activity and taste, similar lesions, It can appear on the lips, cheeks, mouth and gums, called map-like stomatitis.
Groove tongue
The furrowed tongue (fissured tongue) is mainly characterized by grooves on the back of the tongue. The grooves are different in depth and length. According to the survey, the grooves can be deepened with age, and the grooves are oriented, criss-crossing, often with The map tongue exists at the same time.
Commonly, there are grooves with different depths in the back of the tongue. These grooves have different shapes and different lengths. According to the direction of the groove, they can be divided into two types: the leaf vein tongue and the brain tongue tongue. The so-called leaf vein tongue is in the tongue back. There is a thicker and deeper longitudinal groove in the center, which divides the back of the tongue into "two halves". There are lateral grooves on both sides of the tongue, forming veins. The cerebral lingual tongue is the ridge of the tongue. Ditch-like appearance, although there are these grooves in the back of the tongue, but the nipple on the surface of the tongue exists, the color of the mucosa is normal, the tongue is soft, the activity is free, and the taste is normal. Very few people may have deeper cracks in the back of the tongue, and it is easy to hide food. Residues and bacteria are retained, causing inflammation, often mild irritation. At this time, the tongue is enlarged, and the edges of the tongue can be tooth-printed on both sides. The shallow groove is only when the patient sticks the tongue or gently separates the nipple with tweezers. Can be seen, the bottom of the ditch and the side wall without nipple growth.
Hair tongue
The hairy tongue is due to the delayed keratinization of the filamentous nipple on the back of the tongue, which is too long to become a villus, hence the name.
In the back of the tongue, the filamentous nipple can grow like a villus in the posterior part. It can be pulled gently with a probe. It can be seen that the nipple is lodging on one side, and the patient can feel boring. For example, the filamentous nipple is elongated, stimulating soft palate and causing nausea or discomfort, bad breath. However, the tongue moves normally, and the elongated filamentous nipple can be dyed black by food or bacterial products, which is called black tongue.
Centered diamond tongue
Median rhomboid glossitis is a non-nip area in the middle of the tongue behind the blind hole. The midline of the tongue is diamond-shaped. The name is about 0.2% to 0.3%. More men than women are more common in adults. .
In front of the lingual groove, there is a diamond-shaped or diamond-like, round or elliptical nipple-free area with a reddish color and a smooth surface. The boundary with the surrounding tissue is obvious. Some patients may have nodules in the diamond-shaped area. It is slightly harder, but the base is soft and the patient is generally dysfunctional.
Examine
Examination of tongue disease
Fungal examinations can help to understand the cause of the tongue and take treatment.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of tongue disease
diagnosis
According to the characteristics of the symptoms, it is not difficult to identify.
Differential diagnosis
Map tongue
The mucous membrane of the tongue of the map is characterized by red and white. The surrounding mucosa of the lichen planus has white lines. The smooth atrophy of the tongue of the map and the atrophy of the flat surface of the lichen planus are similar. Therefore, when the identification is not easy, it is necessary to confirm the pathological examination. .
