maxillary protrusion
Introduction
Introduction to maxillary protrusion The maxillary protrusion refers to the normal position of the lower jaw in the head, and the upper jaw protrudes forward before the lower jaw to form a deep super-occlusal. It is a very common dental malformation. The cause of the disease includes congenital factors and acquired factors. In congenital factors, maternal malnutrition, endocrine disorders and injuries can affect the growth and development of the fetus. The posture and position of the fetus in the uterus, such as the hand or shoulder compression of the semi-mandibular surface may also cause unilateral jaw Bone development disorder. Acquired factors, bad habits, jaw trauma in childhood, osteomyelitis, malnutrition, endocrine dysfunction, etc. can affect the normal development of the jaw and cause jaw deformity. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.006%-0.008% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: anterior teeth
Cause
Maxillary prominence
Causes include congenital and acquired factors.
In congenital factors, maternal malnutrition, endocrine disorders and injuries can affect the growth and development of the fetus. The posture and position of the fetus in the uterus, such as the hand or shoulder compression of the semi-mandibular surface may also cause unilateral jaw Bone development disorder.
Acquired factors, bad habits, jaw trauma in childhood, osteomyelitis, malnutrition, endocrine dysfunction, etc. can affect the normal development of the jaw and cause jaw deformity.
Prevention
Maxillary protrusion prevention
The disease is more common, long-term sputum fingers, sputum, biting the lower lip and anterior teeth and other bad habits can cause maxillary protrusion. If the child is found to have the above bad habits, it should be combined with the child, parents, doctors, and cooperate with each other. The replacement of teeth or teeth can also cause the disease. Therefore, the child should consult the hospital regularly during the period of changing teeth. Nasal respiratory diseases often cause obstruction of the nasal passages and replace them with mouth breathing, gradually forming oral breathing habits, causing oral tissue pressure. Abnormally caused maxillary protrusion, if the child is found to have nasal obstruction or mouth breathing habits, should take the child to the ENT or otology and stomatology clinic, rickets and other systemic diseases or calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders in the body, often leading to weakening of muscle ligament, Inducing maxillary protrusion, if the child is found to have rickets or calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, in the treatment of rickets and correcting calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, should observe the oral abnormalities, if any, should be promptly treated.
In addition, genetic factors can also cause maxillary protrusion, such cases are difficult to correct, multiple orthognathic surgery.
Complication
Maxillofacial complications Complications
Not only causes disturbance of occlusal relationship, but also can cause facial deformity, which seriously affects the patient's oral function and face.
Symptom
Maxillary prominence symptoms Common symptoms Jaw deformity dentition crowded jaw hyperplasia
1. The patient with maxillary protrusion appears to have a short upper lip, and the upper anterior teeth are inclined to extend forward and exposed outside the mouth.
2. Congenital absence of individual teeth, resulting in a short jaw arch, while the maxillary arch is long and narrow.
3. The maxillary arch is narrow, the sacral cap is high arched, and the lower anterior teeth are bitten on the tongue bulge of the upper anterior teeth crown or the soft tissue of the upper jaw, and the lower lip is closely attached to the lingual side of the upper anterior teeth.
4. Bad habits, such as sucking the thumb, the upper jaw and upper anterior teeth forward, while the lower anterior teeth and the lower jaw are posterior, the upper jaw is more lordotic.
5. The relationship between the posterior teeth is mostly in the distance, and a few are neutral.
Examine
Examination of maxillary protrusion
Mainly to do basic examinations, including dental model analysis, X-ray cephalometric film, full-maxillary surface tomography and oral bad habits are particularly important to check, according to these tests can basically make a correct diagnosis, conditional to do all A, B Item check is better.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of maxillary protrusion
diagnosis
1. The position of the lower jaw is normal and the front of the upper jaw is prominent.
2. The upper lip is short, the lips are not easy to close, and the lips are open.
3. The lower front teeth are too high, often accompanied by crowded front teeth, deep coverage of II degrees or III degrees.
4. In severe cases, the teeth bite on the anterior gingival side, the neck of the teeth or the soft tissue of the upper jaw and cause inflammation.
5.x line cephalometric measurements showed SNA, ANB angle and jaw angle were larger than the normal range, and the SNB angle was normal. If only the arch was protruding, the SNA angle was normal, but the SN angle was larger than normal.
Differential diagnosis
1. Malformation osteitis is a tumor-like lesion of unknown cause. It is a systemic disease. In 15% of cases, the jaw bone is often invaded. The upper jaw is about 5 times larger than the mandible. After maxillary involvement, the maxillary protrusion can be seen. The facial features, X-ray film showed that the bone density of the maxilla was "cotton floc", and laboratory tests revealed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase.
2. The maxillary bone marrow of patients with severe thalassemia can undergo compensatory hyperplasia to produce a large number of red blood cells, leading to the malformation of the maxillary protrusion. The disease has many hereditary and family history, and the patient has obvious symptoms of anemia. Laboratory tests can be made. diagnosis.
