Opening and closing
Introduction
Opening and closing Opening and closing are less common in the clinic, and more common in the permanent period. It refers to the position of the upper and lower jaw teeth in the vertical direction when they are in the middle of the joint and the non-median joint, which is called the opening and closing deformity. Tongue habit is the most common cause of anterior teeth opening. Because the middle of the tongue is thick and thin on both sides, it is fusiform, gap, often accompanied by mandibular protrusion and scattered in the anterior teeth. In addition, the habits of thumb, bite and lip biting can produce local small opening in different parts of the dentition. The clinical manifestations of the disease are obvious, and the diagnosis is mainly based on clinical manifestations. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.002%-0.003% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: bloating hot sweat
Cause
Opening and closing cause
Causes
1. Genetic factors may form open and deformed, but there are still different opinions on this issue. There is a debate and further research is needed.
2. Serious rickets are one of the important reasons for the emergence of open, deformed, resulting in a large range of small wedges before the large, deformed.
3. Bad oral habits can affect the dynamic balance of the muscles in the mouth and maxillofacial region, leading to openness, deformity, and bad habits, which account for 68.7% of the total cause.
Tongue habit is the most common cause of anterior teeth opening. Because the middle of the tongue is thick and thin on both sides, it is fusiform, gap, often accompanied by mandibular protrusion and scattered in the anterior teeth.
In addition, the habits of thumb, bite and lip biting can produce local small opening in different parts of the dentition.
4. When the mandibular third molar is found in the forward or horizontal impact, the second molar can be pushed by the jaw to make it stretch, protrude from the plane, and separate the remaining teeth. If accompanied by tongue, a large range is formed. Open, deformed.
[Pathogenesis]
Divided into three types:
1. The height of the anterior alveolar or jaw is normal, and the height of the posterior alveolar or jaw is too large.
2. The height of the posterior alveolar or jaw is normal, and the height of the anterior alveolar or jaw is insufficient.
3. The height of the anterior alveolar or jaw is insufficient, and the height of the posterior alveolar or jaw is too large.
Prevention
Opening prevention
1. Breaking bad habits: such as breaking out tongue, fangs, tongues, licking and biting lips, etc., in the early stage of deciduous teeth or mixed dentition, breaking bad habits before the age of 10, the opening and closing deformities may adjust themselves, in addition Convince educational children to cooperate actively and wear bad habits when necessary.
2. Actively carry out systemic anti-caries treatment.
3. Remove the third molar that causes the open, deformed mandible, and let the elongated second molar of the lower jaw self-reset, and cooperate with the muscle function training of the chewing muscle, diaphragm, and pterygoid muscle.
Complication
Opening and closing complications Complications, bloating, sweat
Not only causes disturbance of occlusal relationship, but also can cause facial deformity, which seriously affects the patient's oral function and face.
Symptom
Opening and closing symptoms common symptoms molar oral pain oral mucosa shedding
The opening is divided into 3 degrees: refers to the vertical distance between the cutting edges of the upper and lower incisors, and the vertical distance standard of the incisors of the upper incisors to the incisors of the lower incisors.
I degree: open up and down, the teeth are vertically separated within 3mm.
II degree: open up and down, the teeth are vertically separated by 3 to 5 mm.
III degree: open up and down, the teeth are vertically separated by more than 5mm.
The range of opening is large and small, and some are only the front teeth open, and some are only the partial opening of the posterior teeth, and some are severely opened. Only the last pair of molars in the full mouth teeth have a bite and contact.
It not only loses the function of cutting and chewing, but also affects the functions of swallowing, language, breathing and facial appearance, opening, degree and opening. The larger the range, the more serious the effect on chewing and other functions.
The height of the facial bone of patients with open deformity increases with the degree of degree, and it is severely opened. The height of the lower third of the face is obviously increased, the angle of the lower jaw is blunt, and the upper and lower lips are often unable to close, which often leads to infection of the periodontal and upper respiratory tract. health.
Examine
Opening and closing inspection
X-ray cephalometric measurement.
Diagnosis
Opening and closing diagnosis
The clinical manifestations are obvious, and there is no difficulty in diagnosis based on clinical manifestations.
