Thyroglossal duct cyst and branchial cleft cyst
Introduction
Brief introduction of thyroglossal cyst and cleft palate Both the thyroglossal cyst and the cleft palate are all dysplastic cysts. The former is degenerated by the thyroid gland during embryonic thyroid formation, which is left in the deep tissue and produces secretions accumulated in the tissue; the latter is the embryonic period. The residual tissue of the cleft is formed. The thyroglossal cyst is a congenital developmental cyst derived from the residual epithelium of the thyroglossal duct, which is degraded by the thyroid gland during embryonic thyroid formation, and remains in the deep tissue and produces secretions that accumulate in the tissue. . The cleft palate is a congenital dysplasia due to the failure of the second cleft palate and the second pharyngeal sac to fail to close or close during embryonic development. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: cleft palate
Cause
The cause of thyroglossal cyst and cleft cyst
Both the thyroglossal cyst and the cleft palate are all developmental cysts.
The thyroglossal cyst is a congenital developmental cyst derived from the residual epithelium of the thyroglossal duct, which is degraded by the thyroid gland during embryonic thyroid formation, and remains in the deep tissue and produces secretions that accumulate in the tissue. .
The cleft palate is a congenital dysplasia due to the failure of the second cleft palate and the second pharyngeal sac to fail to close or close during embryonic development.
Prevention
Thyroid gland cyst and cleft palate prevention
This disease is a congenital disease and there are no effective preventive measures.
Complication
Thyroid gland cyst and cleft palate cyst complications Complications
In adolescence, due to increased secretion or infection of the cyst of the thyroglossal cyst, it is easy to rupture or squash to form a fistula, and the cleft palate becomes a fissure after piercing.
Symptom
Symptoms of thyroglossal cyst and cleft palate Common symptoms Cyst oral pain Oral mucosa diffuse congestion
1. The thyroglossal cyst and the cleft palate are all bulging soft masses appearing on the neck or facial side. The former is smaller (about the size of the broad bean) and occurs in the midline of the neck of the hyoid bone, which can move up and down with swallowing; The latter is often larger (about the size of the egg) more common in the triangle of the arteries on the side of the neck, often with a sense of volatility.
2. The thyroglossal cyst is more common in children, it is easy to be infected and has pain, and it is also expressed in the form of fistula. That is, a small mouth is seen on the skin of the hyoid bone, and a small amount of clear liquid often flows out.
3. Cleft palate cysts are more common in adolescents. Because of upper respiratory tract infection, sudden swelling and pain can be caused by the ups and downs of the lumps from the first, second, third, and fourth cleft palate.
Examine
Examination of thyroglossal cyst and cleft cyst
1. For clinical performance is more typical, preoperative diagnosis has been more clear, check the project to check the box limit "A";
2. For atypical clinical manifestations, patients with more difficult differential diagnosis or cleft palate adjacent to important structures may include examinations of "B" and "A". The isotope scan or ECT examination is mainly used for thyroglossal cysts and differences. Identification of the thyroid gland.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of thyroglossal cyst and cleft palate
diagnosis
1. The surface of the tumor is smooth, soft and clear, and the larger one has a sense of fluctuation.
2. The thyroglossal cyst is mainly located above and below the midgut of the neck. A cord is connected to the hyoid bone, and the mass can move up and down with swallowing.
3. The cleft palate is usually located in the medial part of the cervical lingual surface, the upper third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the anterior border.
4. Puncture can extract yellow or brownish yellow liquid.
Differential diagnosis
1. The ectopic thyroid gland, mostly located in the pharynx of the tongue or tongue, has a purple-blue knob-like protrusion, soft texture, clear perimeter, and patients often have unclear language, showing a typical "almond-containing" voice. Isotope 131 iodine scan, ectopic thyroid isotope concentration, this feature can be differentiated from thyroglossal cyst.
2. Thyroid tumors, thyroid tumors are the most common thyroid adenoma and thyroid cancer, the texture is more than the thyroglossal cyst, the site is mostly limited to the thyroid body and isthmus, puncture can identify thyroglossal cyst and thyroid tumor, thyroid The cystic contents of the tongue tube cyst are transparent, slightly turbid yellow thin or viscous liquid.
Cleft palate cysts must be differentiated from the following diseases
1. Cystic hydromas, common in infants and young children, the mass is larger than the cleft palate cyst, the puncture is transparent, pale yellow watery liquid, this feature can be distinguished from the cleft palate cyst.
2. Cavernous hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma occurring in the cervical region is sometimes confused with cleft palate cysts. The surface of the superficial position is blue, and the position is dark without color change, but the hemangioma is more compressive. It may be characterized by venous stones, tumor enlargement when bowing, and puncture into blood. This is the most important identification point.
