hypertrophic gingivitis
Introduction
Introduction to hypertrophic gingivitis Hypertrophic gingivitis, also known as hyperplastic gingivitis (hyperplastic gingivitis) refers to chronic inflammation of the gingival tissue caused by local factors, manifested as obvious inflammatory swelling of the gingival tissue, accompanied by proliferation of cells and collagen fibers. More common in adolescents, it occurs in the anterior teeth. The disease is characterized by inflammatory swelling of the gums in the early stage of the disease, called hypertrophicgingitis, which occurs mostly in the labial gingiva of the upper and lower anterior teeth. Its main feature is that the gums are dark red or dark red. It is soft and bright, easy to bleed, and the sacral margin is hypertrophy. The nipple is globular hyperplasia. It can even cover part of the tooth surface, so that the depth of the sulcus is more than 2mm, but the position of the epithelium is still at the enamel bone boundary. Bag or fake periodontal pocket. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.15% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: periodontitis periodontal abscess
Cause
Cause of hypertrophic gingivitis
Local irritation (30%):
Due to the strong growth of tissues during adolescence, proliferative responses to local irritation, insufficient attention to oral hygiene habits, and endocrine changes have increased the sensitivity of gums to local irritation and are therefore susceptible to this disease. Anyone who can cause chronic blepharitis can cause this disease such as plaque, calculus, food impaction, adjacent sputum, poor prosthesis and orthodontic devices.
Mouth breathing (30%):
Poor ventilation due to nasal diseases, or due to excessive protrusion of the upper jaw or too short upper lip can cause mouth breathing, long-term mouth breathing, due to the dryness of the gums and tooth surfaces, lack of saliva washing and self-cleaning effect, bacteria The plaque tends to accumulate, and gingivitis occurs. The gingival gingiva of the anterior teeth is exposed to the dry air and is constantly stimulated by the airflow, resulting in a higher incidence of gingival enlargement.
Abnormal occlusion (30%):
If the teeth are not aligned, the anterior teeth are deeply covered, and the dislocations are crowded, etc., which are easy to cause the disease.
Prevention
Hypertrophic gingivitis prevention
The basic measure to prevent gingivitis is to develop and maintain good oral hygiene habits, and to master the correct method of brushing. The reasonable brushing method is vertical brushing: put the toothbrush flat on the mouth, the bristles point to the gums, the tip gently presses the edge of the teeth, then Gradually turn the bristles to the tooth surface and apply force along the long axis of the tooth. When brushing the upper teeth, the bristles are from top to bottom. When brushing the lower teeth, the bristles are brushed from the bottom to the top, and the teeth are brushed in turn, and the lips and cheeks of the teeth are brushed in turn. The lingual surface and the occlusal surface effectively remove the plaque, soft scale and tartar at the gingival margin; at the same time, it also massages the gums, which can stimulate the gingival keratosis, maintain the normal texture and shape of the teeth, and brush the teeth every time. It should not be less than twice a day. It is better to brush your teeth in the morning and evening. It is more important to brush your teeth before going to bed. It is more important to brush your teeth in the morning. If you have symptoms of bleeding gums, you should choose a drug toothpaste. An effective method for treating gingivitis is tooth cleaning. Wash your teeth).
Complication
Hypertrophic gingivitis complications Complications periodontitis periodontal abscess
1. If left untreated, gingivitis continues to develop and can invade deep periodontal tissues and develop into periodontitis.
2, bite weakness, dull pain, bleeding gums and bad breath.
3, when the body's resistance is reduced, periodontal bag exudate drainage is not smooth, can cause periodontal swelling, at this time the gums are oval protrusion, redness and swelling, tooth looseness increased, there is pain, the patient feels local Severe pain, sometimes multiple abscesses at the same time, called multiple periodontal abscesses. At this time, the patient may have symptoms such as elevated body temperature, general malaise, submandibular lymphadenopathy, tenderness and the like.
Symptom
Hypertrophic sputum inflammation symptoms common symptoms gingival bleeding purulent secretions teeth gap
In the early stage of the disease, the inflammatory swelling of the gums is mainly called hypertrophic gingivitis, which occurs in the labial gingiva of the upper and lower anterior teeth. The main feature is that the gums are dark red or dark. Red, soft and bright, easy to hemorrhage, thick fat, sputum squamous squamous hyperplasia, and even cover part of the tooth surface, so that the depth of the sulcus is more than 2mm, but the position of the epithelium is still at the enamel bone boundary, forming Squat bag or fake periodontal pocket.
In patients with longer course of disease, the degree of inflammation of the gums is reduced, the color is lighter or near normal, and the bleeding of the probing is also reduced. The nipple and the gingival margin are tough and substantial hypertrophy, and the texture is hard and elastic. At this time, the pathological changes are in the gums. Epithelial and connective tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration is limited, there are a large number of fibroblasts and new collagen fiber bundles, so called hyperplastic gingivitis (hyperplastic gingivitis), X-ray film shows alveolar bone resorption, or The periodontal ligament gap of the tooth neck can be widened.
Due to hypertrophy and hypertrophy of the gums, it loses its normal physiological shape, lacks self-cleaning effect, and tends to accumulate plaque and soft dirt in the neck of the tooth. The bacteria in the bag can breed, and there may be purulent secretions, such as pressing the surface of the bag. Overflow pus, lighter symptoms, bleeding gums, bad breath or partial swelling, itching sensation.
Examine
Examination of hypertrophic gingivitis
Detailed medical history, check the color, shape, texture and other characteristics of the gums, pay attention to the diagnosis of systemic causes and symptoms, such as leukemia, can be diagnosed according to blood tests and clinical features.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis
1. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia.
2. Gingival fibromatosis.
3. Gingival hypertrophy caused by leukemia.
4. Plasma cell gingivitis (plasma plasma cytosis) or granulocyte granuloma (plasma cell granuloma), the cause is unknown, the disease mainly occurs in the gums, can also occur in the mouth And the tongue, the gums of multiple teeth or full mouth teeth can be bright red, swollen, soft and fragile, the surface is nodular or lobulated, the epithelium is thin, translucent, extremely easy to hemorrhage, the main characteristics of pathological changes It is a phenomenon in which the epithelial incomplete keratinization, the normal morphology of the connective tissue is densely infiltrated, and it can also be expressed as granuloma, that is, there are a large number of blood vessels and other inflammatory cells. According to the typical gingival symptoms and typical pathological changes, Not difficult to identify.
