allergic stomatitis
Introduction
Introduction to allergic stomatitis Allergic stomatitis is an allergic inflammation of the oral mucosa, which refers to the body of an allergic constitution being exposed to allergens through different routes (such as contact, oral or injection). According to the cause, it is mainly divided into: drug allergic stomatitis and contact stomatitis. Drug allergic stomatitis is a type I rapid allergic reaction, but sometimes it can also be a type IV delayed type allergic reaction. As the name implies, the drug is an external cause of the disease, and the type of the drug, the impurities, the route of administration, Many factors such as accumulation and antigenicity have a certain relationship with the occurrence of this disease, but the antigenicity of the drug is the most important cause of the disease; contact stomatitis is a type IV allergic reaction, the substance itself contacts the oral mucosa This is non-irritating, that is, it is irritating and weak. Under normal circumstances, it does not cause damage. However, for patients with allergies, this substance acts as an allergen and can cause allergic reactions and cause disease. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: conjunctival hyperemia stomatitis
Cause
Causes of allergic stomatitis
1, drug allergic stomatitis
Is a type I rapid allergic reaction, but sometimes can also be expressed as type IV delayed type allergic reaction, as the name suggests, drugs are the external cause of the disease, and the type of drugs, impurities, route of administration, accumulation and antigenicity Many factors have a certain relationship with the occurrence of this disease, but the antigenicity of the drug is the most important cause of the disease. Most of the drugs are small molecule chemicals, which are haptens, which must be combined with proteins in the body. When the antigen is formed, it becomes an allergen. After the first use of the drug, it usually does not occur. When the body is exposed to the same drug again, an allergic reaction can be produced, generally occurring 24 to 48 hours after exposure to the allergen.
Antibiotic preparations, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, sleeping sedatives, and sulfa drugs are the most common drugs that cause drug-induced skin-mucosal inflammatory reactions. In clinical consultations, some patients have difficulty recalling sensitizing drugs. History, this may be because some drugs have different names, but their drug structure is similar. For example, sulfa drugs, procaine and several drugs for ammonia salicylic acid contain "aniline" core. Therefore, those who use sulfonamide Allergic reactions can occur when first contact with procaine; for example, penicillium is present in nature, which can cause sensitization, so sometimes allergic reactions occur in the first injection of penicillin.
2, contact stomatitis
Is a type IV allergic reaction, the substance itself is not irritating to the oral mucosa, that is, it is irritating and weak, and generally does not cause damage, but for patients with allergies, this substance acts as an allergen, Can cause allergies and cause disease.
Common sensitizing substances in stomatology such as toothpaste methyl methacrylate, self-condensing acrylate, amalgam; others such as bubble gum and synthetic rubber.
Prevention
Allergic stomatitis prevention
Complication
Allergic stomatitis complications Conjunctival congestive stomatitis
Symptom
Allergic stomatitis symptoms common symptoms stomatitis edema papules conjunctival congestion and pain
Drug-induced stomatitis
Oral mucosal damage often occurs before the skin, and sometimes it can occur at the same time. Patients may have a certain incubation period after applying certain drugs. The incubation period of the first episode is slightly longer, and the recurrence is shortened, sometimes within 24 hours.
1, oral mucosa
When the disease occurs in the oral mucosa, the patient first feels local burning and discomfort, and any part of the oral cavity can be damaged. For example, congestion, edema, and blistering occur in the mucous membranes of the lips, cheeks, tongue, and sputum. At the time of the frictional movement, it quickly collapses into a smashed surface of varying sizes, and there is exudation. At this time, the patient feels pain.
2, skin
When it occurs on the skin, it occurs in the hands, feet, face, erythema, pimples, etc., such as repeated use of sensitizing drugs, that is, round or oval erythema appears in the original part, the boundary is clear, the number is different, and may also be combined with blisters, This is called a fixed drug eruption; sometimes, in addition to the fixed site, it can also be a rash in the new site, local burning, itching, usually lasting about 1 week, and then subsided.
3, the eye
Onset
Examine
Examination of allergic stomatitis
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of allergic stomatitis
