Congenital nasopharyngeal stenosis and atresia
Introduction
Introduction to congenital sphincter stenosis and atresia Congenital nasopharyngeal stenosis is generally thought to be caused by incomplete rupture of the buccal pharyngeal membrane, which causes congenital nasopharyngeal atresia if the buccal pharyngeal membrane is not ruptured. It is characterized by nasal congestion, difficulty in breathing, cyanosis, and aggravation of nasal congestion. Check that there is a thin film between the trailing edge of the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall. The surface is smooth and soft. Symptoms such as difficulty breathing, cyanosis, etc. may occur. The disease is mainly characterized by neonatal nasal congestion, difficulty in breathing, cyanosis and aggravation of nasal congestion, such as aggravation of the nasal cavity. The pharyngeal visible soft palate trailing edge and the posterior pharyngeal wall are connected by a thin film with a smooth surface and soft touch. The disease is a congenital disease, there is no effective preventive measures, and attention should be paid to prenatal care. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% Susceptible people: infants and young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: neonatal asphyxia, aspiration pneumonia
Cause
Congenital nasopharyngeal stenosis and the cause of atresia
Speculation may be related to the following:
1. The buccal pharynx is not broken.
2. The thick nostrils appear during embryonic development and are later blocked by epithelial plugs. This epithelial tissue is transformed into a membranous or bone-shaped septum.
3. The tissue around the posterior nostril is proliferated and locked, and the hyperplasia comes from the humerus, the inner slab and so on.
Prevention
Congenital nasopharyngeal stenosis and atresia prevention
The disease is a congenital disease, there is no effective preventive measures, and attention should be paid to prenatal care.
Complication
Congenital nasopharyngeal stenosis and complications of atresia Complications neonatal asphyxia aspiration pneumonia
Symptoms such as difficulty breathing, cyanosis, etc. may occur.
Clinically seen cases of congenital posterior nostril atresia can occur on one side, more common, and their ventilator feeding skills can be maintained at a normal level; or bilaterally, less common, only through oral breathing, eating At the time, the coordination of breathing and eating functions is difficult, especially in newborns, often due to respiratory and eating disorders, resulting in repeated episodes of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and even suffocation.
Symptom
Congenital nasopharyngeal stenosis and atresia symptoms Common symptoms Nasal dyspnea Nasopharyngeal stenosis
It is characterized by neonatal nasal congestion, difficulty in breathing, aggravation of the nasal cavity due to aggravation of cyanosis and breastfeeding, and a thin film connected between the posterior edge of the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall. The surface is smooth and soft.
Before the nostrils are blown by the cotton hair, the vaginal contraction is used to converge the nasal mucosa. The thin urinary catheter or the fine probe is inserted into the pharynx from the nasal cavity. The pharynx cannot be passed through the nasal cavity. Contrast can determine the location of the stenosis and atresia.
Examine
Congenital sphincter stenosis and atresia
1. There is no airflow before the cotton wool is placed in the nostrils.
2. After converging the nasal mucosa with a vasoconstrictor, the pharyngeal portion cannot be passed through the nasal cavity with a thin catheter or a fine probe.
3. Use the blue spray into the nasal cavity to enter the pharynx. Nasal iodized oil can determine the location of the stenosis and atresia.
4. Imaging examination: CT, nasal and nasopharynx X-ray film.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of congenital nasopharyngeal stenosis and atresia
Identification with laryngeal lock:
The child has no breathing and crying after birth. The "four concave sign" can be seen, but there is no air inhalation. At the time of birth, the color of the child is normal, but after the umbilical cord is ligated, it will soon become a sputum, which is characterized by neonatal nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and cyanosis. And when breastfeeding, the symptoms of complete nasal obstruction are aggravated, and a thin film is connected between the trailing edge of the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall, and the surface is smooth and soft.
