Atrophic rhinitis
Introduction
Introduction to atrophic rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis (atrophic rhinitis) is a slow-developing nasal atrophic inflammation characterized by atrophy of the nasal mucosa, periosteum, and bone. Severe with a typical bad smell, called ozena. More often than adolescence, women are more common than men. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.5% to 0.8% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: secretory otitis media, edema, cough
Cause
Cause of atrophic rhinitis
The cause is still unknown, and there are many doctrines that can be grouped into two categories:
(1) Primary: It is considered to be a local manifestation of systemic diseases, which may be related to the lack of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, or to nutritional disorders, trace element deficiency or imbalance, genetic factors, collagen diseases, etc.; It has a certain relationship with endocrine disorders, because it occurs mostly in young women, and the symptoms in the menstrual period are aggravated. In recent years, with the development of immunology, most patients with this disease have found immune dysfunction, so some people think that this disease may be an immune disease. Sexual disease.
(2) Secondary: caused by local factors, such as traumatic or surgical resection of the nasal mucosa, or due to special infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, induration, leprosy, syphilis, etc., late in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, or Long-term purulent sinus irritation of chronic suppurative sinusitis, excessive proliferation of fibrous connective tissue, resulting in obstruction of blood in the nasal mucosa, atrophy due to nutritional disorders, extreme deflection of the nasal septum, large nasal cavity on one side, enhanced airflow stimulation, or dust Or long-term stimulation of harmful gases can also cause disease. It has been suggested that the disease is caused by special bacterial infections, such as Rhizopus or Helicobacter pylori infection. These bacteria are not considered to be true pathogens, but only secondary to atrophic rhinitis. infection.
Prevention
Atrophic rhinitis prevention
1. Improve life, work environment, and workers who are exposed to dust and chemical gases should wear masks.
2, patients with this disease, should wear masks for a long time, in the summer can be worn with water after moist, followed by humidification.
3, roast the fire in winter, put the kettle on the stove, do not add the lid, let the steam as much as possible to evaporate the air.
4, disable ephedrine, nasal drops and other nasal mucosal contraction agents.
5, avoid tobacco, alcohol and spicy food.
Complication
Atrophic rhinitis complications Complications secretory otitis media edema cough
Secretory otitis media: nasal allergic reaction through the eustachian tube to the middle ear cavity; nasal mucosal edema affects the eustachian tube pharynx, narrowing the pharynx, obstruction, eustachian tube dysfunction, middle ear negative pressure and exudate accumulation, ear Stuffing, clogging symptoms.
Allergic pharyngitis: nasal allergic reaction can spread to the throat, the patient has itchy throat, cough, mild hoarseness, severe epiglottis, vocal cord mucosal edema and difficulty breathing.
Symptom
Atrophic rhinitis symptoms Common symptoms Nasal odor nasal mucosa and turbinate atrophy Nasal mucosa ulcer and atrophy nasal anterior hemorrhage Breathing gas is rancid smelly dizzy nose bleeding Turbinate atrophy Nostrils dry pain nasal congestion
(1) Dryness of the nose and nasopharynx: This is due to the atrophy of the glands of the nasal mucosa and the decrease of secretions.
(B) nasal congestion: purulent sputum block the nasal cavity can cause nasal congestion, or because the nerves of the nasal mucosa are slow, even if the purulent sputum is removed, the air is not easy to detect, and mistaken for nasal congestion.
(C) nasal secretions: often blocky, tube-shaped purulent sputum, not easy to sputum, when forced out of dryness, there is a small amount of nosebleeds.
(4) Olfactory disorder: The sense of smell is reduced or disappeared, which is caused by mucosal atrophy or dryness of the olfactory area.
(5) Breathing odor: As the bacteria grow and grow under the purulent sputum, the protein in the purulent sputum is decomposed and decomposed, resulting in a foul odor, called the stinky nose.
(6) Headache, dizziness: Due to atrophy of the turbinate, the nasal cavity lacks the effect of temperature regulation and heat preservation, inhaling cold air to stimulate the nasal mucosa, and the stimulation of purulent sputum can cause headache and dizziness.
Examine
Examination of atrophic rhinitis
(1) The nasal cavity is wide and the turbinate is reduced. The nasopharynx can be seen from the front nostrils. Sometimes the secondary auricular rhinitis is obviously reduced, but the middle turbinate is hypertrophic or polypoid.
(2) There is thick purulent sputum in the nasal cavity, yellow-brown or gray-green, large or tubular, which may have a foul odor. After removing purulent sputum, the nasal mucosa may be dry and atrophied, or even erosive, early or mild atrophy. Sexual rhinitis, or only suede, no stench.
(3) If the atrophic lesion develops downward, the nasopharynx and pharyngeal mucosa may also dry and shrink, and there may be a purulent sputum covering it. In severe cases, the larynx and tracheal mucosa also have this change.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of atrophic rhinitis
Should be differentiated from nasal tuberculosis, nasal sclerosis, nasal diphtheria and syphilis, leprosy.
