Thyroglossal cyst and fistula
Introduction
Brief introduction of thyroglossal cyst and fistula Congenital thyrogine cyst and fistula, also known as the anterior cervical cyst and fistula, are produced during the thyroid gland, and the thyroid gland is not degraded or completely degraded. It can occur anywhere between the blind hole of the tongue and the incision on the sternum. The inner sac of the thyroid gland is located in the blind hole of the tongue, and the outer sac is on the median line of the neck or slightly on one side. When the cyst is located under the hyoid bone, the fistula between the connecting cyst and the blind hole can be traveled through the anterior hyoid bone, the hyoid bone or the posterior lingual bone, so that the posterior lingual bone is more common. The cause of the disease is mainly caused by the absence of degeneration or incomplete degeneration of the thyroid gland during thyroid development, which can occur anywhere between the blind hole of the tongue and the incision on the sternum. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pharyngeal foreign body
Cause
Thyroglossal cyst and fistula cause
During the development of the thyroid gland, the thyroid gland is not degenerated or completely degraded and can occur anywhere from the blind hole to the upper sternal notch.
Prevention
Thyroid tongue cyst and fistula prevention
The disease is a congenital disease, no effective preventive measures, early diagnosis and early treatment is the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Complication
Thyroid cyst and fistula complications Complications, pharyngeal foreign bodies
When the cyst is enlarged, there may be symptoms such as swelling in the tongue, foreign body sensation in the pharynx, and unclear pronunciation.
Symptom
Thyroid tongue cyst and fistula symptoms Common symptoms Tongue abscess There is swelling and tenderness in the hyoid bone area. Pharyngeal foreign body sensation can be touched under the thyroid cartilage... There is a long time on the tongue...
X-ray iodine angiography of the fistula or cyst helps to confirm the diagnosis, but should be differentiated from the cleft palate, the dermoid cyst and the ectopic thyroid.
The thyroid cyst is covered with a multi-layered columnar epithelium, a stratified squamous epithelium or a transitional epithelium. The cystic fluid is mucinous, purulent after infection, and thyroid tissue is visible under the epithelium.
1. The small cyst of the thyrogine cyst above the hyoid bone can be asymptomatic. When the cyst is enlarged, the tongue is swollen, the foreign body of the pharynx is unclear, and the pronunciation is unclear. The root of the tongue has a rounded bulge and is located below the hyoid bone. The cyst before the thyroid lingual membrane is more common. The patient often has no obvious symptoms. The examination shows that there is a semi-circular bulge under the anterior cervical skin. The surface is smooth, tough and elastic, and has no adhesion to the skin. It can move up and down with swallowing, and the puncture cyst can be extracted. Translucent or turbid, a thick and viscous liquid.
2. The external fistula of the thyroid gland is often located in the median line of the neck between the underarm and the thyroid cartilage or slightly to one side. The mouth may have secretions overflowing. If there is secondary infection, there is pus overflow. Injecting methylene blue into the mouth, if it is a complete fistula, it can be seen that there is a blue outflow at the blind hole of the tongue. Injecting methylene blue through the mouth is not only helpful for diagnosis, but also beneficial for the complete removal of the fistula during surgery.
Examine
Examination of thyroglossal cyst and fistula
X-ray iodine angiography of the fistula or cyst helps to confirm the diagnosis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of thyroglossal cyst and fistula
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
Should be differentiated from cleft palate cysts, dermoid cysts and ectopic thyroid.
