toxic amblyopia
Introduction
Introduction to toxic amblyopia The disease is vision loss caused by the poisoning reaction of the inner segment of the optic nerve (the nipple macular bundle). It is a kind of visual function developmental delay, disorder, often accompanied by strabismus, high refractive error, and can not be corrected to normal eye disease. Often bilateral, most of them are seen in patients who are over-drinking or smoking. The real underlying cause of the former may be malnutrition, and true tobacco-toxic amblyopia is rare. The patient's large consumption of livestock products and multivitamin B can reduce the risk rate, and the vitamin A and multivitamin B are terminated after the population is over, indicating that the interaction between nutrient deficiency and environmental toxin may have been the main factor. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.00003% - 0.0001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: strabismus, refractive error
Cause
Toxic amblyopia
The overlap of toxic amblyopia and posterior optic neuritis is often bilateral, mostly seen in patients who are over-drinking or smoking. The real underlying cause of the former may be malnutrition, and true tobacco-toxic amblyopia is rare. 1992 In the year of Cuba, optic nerves and peripheral neuropathy were prevalent. This is similar to the neuropathy of malnourished prisoners of war. Although it has been confirmed that there is no special toxin and nutrient deficiency, the risk of cigar smoking and the consumption of cassava in large amounts increases the risk. Livestock products and multivitamin B can reduce the risk rate, and the end of the population after vitamin A and multivitamin B termination, indicating that the interaction between nutrient deficiency and environmental toxin may have been the main factor, lead, methanol, chloramphenicol, digitalis Ethambutol and many other chemicals can also cause disease.
Prevention
Toxic amblyopia prevention
Early detection of abnormal signs, children with amblyopia often have other manifestations besides low vision, such as strabismus, squinting, blinking or close, etc. Once the child is found to have strabismus, he should go to the hospital for eye examination as soon as possible. Confirmed diagnosis, because about 1/2 of strabismus combined with amblyopia, the above other abnormal phenomena should also be paid attention to, to the hospital eye examination is caused by eye diseases,
In addition, for infants and young children who can not cooperate with the examination of vision, you can make a cover test to get a general understanding of the binocular vision: intentionally cover one eye, let the child look at the eye, if it is quiet and cover the other eye, it is crying or tearing. Things, then suggest that the uncovered eyes are very poor, should go to the hospital as soon as possible,
In short, the early detection of amblyopia mainly relies on the close cooperation of parents, kindergartens, schools and hospitals. The most important thing is the parents who live with the children.
Complication
Toxic amblyopia complications Complications, strabismus, refractive error
Toxic amblyopia often complicated by strabismus, high refractive error and other diseases.
Symptom
Symptoms of toxic amblyopia Common symptoms Sudden after heavy drinking... Visually impaired photophobia blind spots can not distinguish between disuse and amblyopia
Blurred vision, photophobia and eye discomfort for several days to several weeks, initially with small central dark spots or dark spots around the center slowly expanding, typical involving gaze points and blind spots (central blind spots), progressive interference Vision, dark spots can be absolute and can lead to blindness, the eye is usually no abnormalities, but the nipples can be pale in the later stages.
Nutritional amblyopia can occur simultaneously with other nutritional diseases such as Strachan syndrome - polyneuropathy and genital dermatitis.
Examine
Examination of toxic amblyopia
Vision examination, refractive examination, strabismus examination, fixation test, external eye and fundus examination, binocular single vision examination, retinal correspondence examination, fusion function examination, stereoscopic examination, other methods, contrast sensitivity, P-VEP and P-ERG, full-field or half-field stimulation of multi-view visual evoked potential topographic maps.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of toxic amblyopia
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
The difference between amblyopia and myopia is that the myopia is caused by the excessive regulation of the muscles of the ciliary muscles or the hereditary factors. The eyesight is too long to see. It is far from clear, and the eyesight can be corrected after wearing glasses. Amblyopia is a kind of visual function developmental delay, disorder, often accompanied by strabismus, high refractive error, and can not be corrected to normal eye disease by wearing glasses. The two diseases are essentially different.
