congenital glaucoma
Introduction
Introduction to congenital glaucoma Congenital glaucoma refers to optic nerve damage and visual field defects caused by elevated intraocular pressure due to congenital variation of the anterior chamber structure due to abnormal embryonic development. The incidence of primary infantile glaucoma in foreign countries is 0.008%, 0.002%~0.0038% in China, and one in ten thousand in newborns. 2 to 15% of blind people are blinded by congenital glaucoma. 80% of infantile glaucoma is within 1 year old and partly at birth, so the eye damage is more serious than that of adults, not only causes blindness, but also seriously affects the appearance, and there are many serious secondary lesions. Even causing the eyeball to rupture. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: the incidence of primary infantile glaucoma is 0.008%, 0.002%~0.0038% in China, and one in ten thousand in newborns. Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: iridocyclitis, malignant glaucoma
Cause
Congenital glaucoma cause
In addition to the abnormal expression of the angle of the eye, the increase in intraocular pressure caused by aqueous humor does not involve other structural abnormalities in the eye. The corner of the corner is covered with a semi-transparent membrane covering the trabecular surface. This membrane is an impermeable surface membrane. This membrane blocks the drainage of aqueous humor, which is called congenital mesodermal tissue residue. It may be because the angular tissue of the anterior chamber is not properly combined during development, the sclera tendon does not grow normally, and the ciliary muscle cannot move back to the sclera, and it will be on the trabecular. For this reason, the trabeculae are pulled by the muscle fibers and the trabecular column is thickened to lose the gap of the aqueous circulation.
Prevention
Congenital glaucoma prevention
1. Patients with glaucoma should learn to gradually measure the intraocular pressure. When they feel suspicious of high intraocular pressure, they should see the doctor promptly in order to adjust the treatment plan and control the high intraocular pressure.
2. For those over 40 years of age, people with high myopia and family history of glaucoma and diabetes are advised to go to the hospital once a year for an examination.
3. Those with high blood pressure and diabetes should actively participate in medical treatment, control blood pressure and blood sugar, and help protect visual function.
4. When there is a phenomenon of rainbow vision, the vision is blurred, although there is improvement after the break, but it is not appropriate to delay, should go to the hospital as soon as possible to avoid further development of the disease.
5. If you have headache, eye pain, nausea, vomiting, you should consult an ophthalmologist, do not consider acute gastroenteritis or other diseases and delay treatment.
6. You must follow the doctor's advice and follow up on medication and regular follow-up. You cannot change your medication yourself.
7. If there are multiple symptoms such as dizziness, wheezing, rapid pulse, runny, sweating, etc. after dripping the peony, pay attention to keep warm, wipe off sweat and dress in time, prevent cold, and drink appropriate amount of hot water (so every time you drop the medicine) After pressing the lacrimal sac area for 2 to 3 minutes), the long-term drop of the drug must be promptly treated when the above symptoms appear.
8. The increase of intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma, especially the onset of acute angle-closure glaucoma, is often related to incentives such as emotional excitement and overwork. Therefore, patients with glaucoma should first face this disease psychologically. Life should be regular and inappropriate. Overeating, to maintain a good mood, pay attention to work and rest.
9. Watching movies and TVs should not be too long, and don't stay in the darkroom for a long time. Don't over-tighten and over-high collars. Sleep pillows should be raised high to avoid prolonged bowing, so as to prevent eye pressure from rising after head congestion.
10. Diet should be easy to digest, eat more vegetables, avoid smoking, drinking, strong tea, cocoa, coffee, do not eat chili, fried and other irritating food. Keep the stool smooth, but the amount of water should not exceed 500 ml at a time. Because there is too much water, it will increase the intraocular pressure.
Complication
Congenital glaucoma complications Complications, iridocyclitis, malignant glaucoma
Complications usually occur after glaucoma surgery, such as anterior chamber hemorrhage, delayed anterior chamber formation or no anterior chamber, secondary iridocyclitis, malignant glaucoma.
Symptom
Congenital glaucoma symptoms Common symptoms High eye pressure photophobia corneal opacity tear eyeball prominent eyelid iris segmental atrophy
1, children often cry, there are heavy fear of light, tears and eyelids.
2, the cornea is foggy and turbid, the diameter is generally more than 11 mm, and the heavy elastic layer has strips of turbidity and cracks.
3, the front room is very deep.
4. The pupil is slightly enlarged.
5, fundus: late in the optic disc pale and annular depression.
6, the eye pressure is very high.
7, the eyeballs expand.
Examine
Examination of congenital glaucoma
Examination showed that the cornea was foggy and turbid, and the diameter was generally more than 11 mm. In the severe case, the elastic layer had strips of turbidity and cracks; the anterior chamber was very deep; the pupil was slightly enlarged; the fundus: the late optic disc was pale and annularly depressed; The pressure is very high; the eyeball is enlarged.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of congenital glaucoma
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be performed based on clinical performance and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
Congenital large cornea: the cornea is basically transparent, and the iris is tremor, without high intraocular pressure.
Congenital idiopathic corneal edema, acquired traumatic corneal opacity: corneal opacity, without high intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage and glaucoma-like visual field defects.
