acute catarrhal conjunctivitis
Introduction
Introduction to acute catarrhal conjunctivitis Acute catarrhal conjunctivitis is a common infectious eye disease caused by bacterial infection and is endemic, commonly known as "red eye" or "fire eye." Generally, the onset is acute, and the incubation period is 1 to 3 days. Most of the two eyes are at the same time, or one to two days apart. The disease usually reaches a climax after 3 to 4 days after the onset of the disease, and gradually decreases afterwards. If the treatment is timely, most of them will heal in 1 to 2 weeks, and the prognosis is good. If it is lost in treatment, the condition will be delayed and it will become chronic. More common in spring and autumn, can spread infection, but also popular in schools, families, kindergartens, factories and other collective living places. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 15% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: respiratory secretions droplet spread Complications: upper respiratory tract infection, corneal ulcer, corneal ulcer
Cause
Causes of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis
Pathogen infection (45%):
The most common pathogens are Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Other common Gram-positive cocci are pneumococcal, streptococcus and Gram-negative cocci, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella, Haemophilus influenzae is The most common pathogenic bacteria in children with acute conjunctivitis can normally exist in the upper respiratory tract of adults. Bacteria can cause contact infection through various media, such as hands, towels, water, etc. In public places, collective units such as schools The rapid spread of kindergartens and families has led to epidemics, especially in spring. When various respiratory diseases are prevalent, pathogenic bacteria can also be transmitted through droplets of respiratory secretions.
Immunity factor (15%):
Although the normal conjunctiva is exposed to a wide variety of microorganisms, the specific and non-specific protective mechanisms of the ocular surface have certain effects of preventing infection and limiting infection. The tear fluid not only mechanically scrubs the ocular surface, but also removes potential pathogens. It also contains immunoglobulins, lysozymes, etc., which can kill microorganisms and prevent bacteria from adhering to the surface of the conjunctiva. The normal flora on the surface of the conjunctiva can also release antibiotic-like substances or metabolic products to inhibit the proliferation of pathogens. In addition, the complete ocular surface The abundant lymphoid tissue in the epithelial and conjunctival stroma can fully provide cellular immunological defense. The lower ocular surface temperature is also unfavorable for bacterial growth, but some factors can destroy these protective mechanisms, leading to the occurrence of infectious conjunctivitis. Common risk factors are : eye dryness, stenosis, exophthalmos, and inadequate blinking, eye exposure, nutritional deficiencies or malabsorption (such as vitamin A deficiency), low immunity after treatment with local or systemic immunosuppressive agents, tears Obstruction and infection, radiation injury, trauma, surgery, systemic infection, exogenous vaccination, etc.
Prevention
Acute catarrhal conjunctivitis prevention
Although the disease has a good prognosis, it is highly contagious and easy to cause widespread epidemics. Therefore, prevention is very important. Once patients are found, they should be strictly disinfected and isolated, and all possible routes of transmission should be cut off. After the medical staff examines and treats the patients, Care should be taken to prevent cross-infection.
Complication
Acute catarrhal conjunctivitis complications Complications upper respiratory tract infection corneal ulcer corneal ulcer
Some bacterial infections may be associated with inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. In severe cases, the cornea may be involved, and punctate corneal epithelial lesions or peripheral corneal infiltration or ulceration may occur.
Symptom
Acute catarrhal conjunctivitis symptoms Common symptoms Purulent secretion flow tears ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Acute onset, conscious foreign body sensation, burning sensation, pain, severe eyelids, photophobia, tearing, sometimes due to secretions attached to the surface of the cornea, causing temporary blurred vision, after removing secretions can restore vision, Due to the inflammatory stimuli, a large amount of mucopurulent secretions are produced. In the morning, the squat can be secreted by the secretions, which is difficult to open. When the lesions invade the cornea, the symptoms such as photophobia and pain are obviously aggravated, depending on the corneal lesions. A mild vision loss can occur in the situation.
Eye examination showed swelling of the eyelids and conjunctival hyperemia. The conjunctiva of the ankle and the iliac crest was the most prominent, and the papillary hyperplasia was accompanied by purulent or mucopurulent secretions on the surface of the conjunctiva. In severe cases, a pseudomembrane was formed, so it was also called a pseudomembrane. Conjunctivitis, conjunctival congestion, edema, and sometimes even prominent in the cleft palate.
The disease often occurs in both eyes at the same time or 1 to 2 days apart. Generally speaking, the disease occurs for 3 to 4 days, the disease reaches a peak, and then gradually reduces, and it can be cured within 10 to 14 days.
Examine
Examination of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis
1. Take conjunctival sac secretion or sputum conjunctival smear and bacterial culture: early onset, can determine pathogenic bacteria and sensitive drugs, guide treatment, for general bacterial conjunctivitis, bacteriological examination is not routine.
2. Blood routine examination: For patients with severe upper respiratory tract infections, blood tests can be performed to determine the extent and nature of the infection.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis
diagnosis
According to the typical clinical manifestations, conjunctival sac secretion smear or sacral conjunctival smear examination and bacterial culture can confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
Mainly characterized by mild sacral conjunctiva and conjunctival hyperemia and a small amount of mucopurulent oozing, most of which are obvious when getting up in the morning, no eyelid edema and pseudomembranous formation of the palpebral conjunctiva, and no keratitis, unilateral or Bilateral onset, Moraxella can cause conjunctivitis of the axillary area, skin scarring with external sacral angle, ulcer formation and conjunctival nipple and follicular hyperplasia, Staphylococcus aureus often accompanied by ulcerative blepharitis or corneal periphery Point infiltration, chronic conjunctivitis can often find other pathogenic causes, such as abnormal eyelid position, insufficient tears, chronic dacryocystitis, long-term ocular local hormone therapy, systemic immunosuppressive therapy or poor housing hygiene and personal hygiene The condition can be identified based on clinical symptoms.
