Tooth defect
Introduction
Introduction to tooth defect Tooth defect refers to the destruction and abnormality of the shape and structure of the hard tissue of the tooth caused by various reasons. The tooth body loses the normal physiological and anatomical shape, causing the damage of the normal tooth shape, occlusion and abutment relationship. . Dental defects can be divided into two categories, that is, all missing teeth and partially missing teeth. All missing teeth, also known as edentulous malformations, can involve deciduous and permanent dentition, which is extremely rare in clinical practice. Its occurrence may be related to systemic developmental disorders, such as hereditary ectodermal dysplasia (hereditaryectodermal dysplasia). When the tooth germ is still in the stage of development and calcification, it is very sensitive to X-rays, and there are reports of unilateral dentition loss caused by X-ray. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: malnutrition gingivitis periodontitis endodontics dentition sparse dentition crowded tooth hypersensitivity
Cause
Cause of tooth defect
Systemic developmental disorders (15%):
Its occurrence may be related to systemic developmental disorders, such as hereditary ectodermal dysplasia. When the tooth germ is still in the stage of development and calcification, it is very sensitive to X-rays, and there are reports of unilateral dentition loss caused by X-ray.
Periodontal disease (20%):
Loss of teeth in the elderly is a common physiological phenomenon, first of all due to oral diseases such as periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is the chief culprit in causing the elderly to lose their teeth. The process of causing the tooth loss is similar to the exposure of the roots after soil erosion, which leads to the collapse of the whole tree. Malnutrition, smoking, obesity and psychological factors are also one of the reasons for the elderly to lose their teeth. These factors increase the chance of infection in periodontal disease and accelerate tooth loss.
Physical function decline (25%):
Decreased bodily functions can also lead to increased tooth loss, the body function of the elderly will decline, the gums will shrink with aging, the ability to transport nutrients to the alveolar bone will decrease, the alveolar bone will shrink and become shorter, and the bacteria will cause destructive dissolution. Causes the old man to lose his teeth.
The most common type of edentulous part of the child is the maxillary lateral incisor, the second bicuspid and the third molar. After the tooth is missing, the interdental space is wider than normal. If the widening is obvious, it will affect the occlusion. Due to the loss of mutual support, the adjacent teeth are inclined; and because of the loss of mutual pressure, the opposite teeth will elongate. Therefore, in the childhood, the gap between the missing teeth is too wide, and should be temporarily repaired. After the adult, the jaws and teeth have been shaped and then permanently repaired.
To sum up, lack of teeth is caused by many reasons, and daily protection is the key.
Prevention
Dental defect prevention
Teeth allow us to enjoy a wide variety of foods! Healthy teeth allow us to chew harder foods, meat, raw foods, fruits... Good chewing can strengthen the gums and promote salivation, while they participate in the digestive process and sterilize the teeth. The role. In addition to genetic factors, the color and hardness of our teeth also depend on dental care and eating habits.
In order to maintain the health of your teeth: a balanced diet!
A balanced diet and a modest amount of meals throughout the day (to avoid snacks, four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack time) are good for strong teeth. In fact, this helps our teeth to resist the stimulation better. Fresh foods, such as carrots, red-skinned white radishes, or apples, when rubbed, rub against the surface of the teeth and actually cleanse the teeth. In addition, lipids, certain proteins (casein of cheese), minerals (phosphorus, calcium, fluorine...) and vitamin D have an antibacterial effect, limiting the discharge of inorganic salts of enamel.
Conversely, snacks, especially those that are soft, carbohydrates (candies or sweet drinks, bread, pastries...) or acidic foods (soda, fruit, juice), often increase the risk of dental caries. Sugar can be converted to acid, which can damage the enamel on the tooth surface. If possible, carefully clean your teeth after each meal. If you have no conditions, you can also gargle or chew a sugar-free chewing gum. In fact, any increase in saliva flow reduces the risk of dental caries. It should be noted that excessive drinking of coffee, tea and excessive smoking may cause the teeth to yellow.
Daily care for teeth needs attention
1. To develop good brushing habits. After the meal, rinse your mouth with warm water and brush your teeth once in the morning and evening. The number of brushing can't be too much. If you have more teeth, it will damage your teeth. The time for brushing your teeth should not be too long. Brush your teeth to pay attention to the correct method: follow the teeth, brush upright, brush the inside and brush the outside. Do not brush back and forth horizontally, otherwise it will damage the gums.
2. Usually pay attention to dental hygiene and protect your teeth. Usually eat less candy. Especially don't eat sugar before going to sleep to prevent dental caries. In addition, pay attention to the usual hygiene habits, do not bite your fingers, do not bite the foreign body such as pencil head, do not use your tongue to rub your teeth.
3. If you find a problem, you should seek medical advice promptly. In case of tooth decay, it should be repaired or removed.
Complication
Dental defect Complications malnutrition gingivitis periodontitis endodontics dentition sparse dentition crowded tooth hypersensitivity
Due to the exposure of the root, dentin hypersensitivity can often occur, and the neck and the sacral surface are cramped, and the wedge-shaped gap is increased, which is prone to horizontal food caulking, which is easy to produce inflammation and aggravate the gingival recession.
Symptom
Tooth defect symptoms Common symptoms Teeth gap Large teeth crowded and thinned teeth insufficient teeth widening
Partially absent teeth include the loss of single or multiple teeth. The loss of a single tooth usually occurs in permanent teeth. It can occur symmetrically or unilaterally. The most common tooth position is the third molar. In addition, the lateral incisor and upper jaw of the upper jaw The congenital absence rate of the second premolar of the mandible is also relatively high, and often occurs symmetrically. The loss of individual deciduous teeth rarely occurs. The maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular incisors and canines can also occur.
(1) tooth and pulp symptoms
The superficial defect of the tooth may have no obvious symptoms. If the defect involves the dentin layer or the pulp, there may be symptoms of pulp stimulation and even pulp inflammation, necrosis and periapical lesions.
(2) periodontal symptoms
If the tooth defect occurs in the adjacent surface, it will destroy the normal adjacency, causing food impaction, causing local periodontal tissue inflammation, and may cause oblique displacement of adjacent teeth, affecting the normal occlusion relationship. If the tooth defect occurs on the axial surface, it destroys the normal axial shape and can cause gingivitis.
(3) Occlusal symptoms <br /> A wide range of severe occlusal surface defects not only affect the chewing efficiency, but also form a sided chewing habit. In severe cases, it may affect the vertical distance and the dysfunction of the oral and maxillofacial system.
(4) Other adverse effects <br /> Defects occur in the anterior teeth and can directly affect the patient's aesthetics and pronunciation. The residual crown and residual root of the whole dentition will reduce the vertical distance, affecting the face and psychological state of the patient. Residual crowns and residual roots often become lesions that affect general health.
Examine
Examination of tooth defects
Regular oral examination to check for visible tooth defects.
Examination after missing teeth
1) Check whether the wax base is stable: put the wax tray with the artificial teeth in the mouth, and the doctor alternately press the left and right dentition surfaces with the two index fingers to check for warping.
2) Check the position of the jaw: the fingers of both hands are placed on the sides of the patient, and repeated bite movements are performed. There is obvious movement indicating that the mandible has no forward extension; the bilateral movements are the same, indicating that the mandible is not skewed and the skew is to be reworked.
3) Check the vertical distance: When the patient is doing a median occlusion, observe whether the lower third of the face is in harmony with the whole, whether the upper and lower lips are related to the nasolabial fold and the labial groove depth.
4) Check the occlusion relationship: Ask the patient whether the pressure on both sides is equal when the bite is engaged, and check the occlusion paper on both sides. Repeated bite to see if there is movement or tilting. Observe whether the upper and lower teeth are in close contact and the base is tight when the bite is engaged.
5) Check the balance occlusion: patients stretched to the left and right sides to observe whether the artificial teeth have at least three points in one position.
6) Check the teeth: Observe the size and shape of the artificial teeth, and whether the colors are coordinated. Whether the midline of the upper anterior teeth is consistent with the midline of the person. Whether the connection of the anterior teeth is parallel to the pupil line, the cutting edge exposed under the upper lip is in the range of 2 to 4 mm, the lip is full, and there is no displacement.
7) Check if the pronunciation is clear.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of tooth defect
The disease can be diagnosed based on medical history and clinical symptoms without identification.
