Omsk hemorrhagic fever
Introduction
Introduction to Omsk hemorrhagic fever Omsk hemorrhagic fever is an acute febrile disease characterized by viral antigens, natural epidemics, bleeding symptoms and benign processes. The disease was discovered from 1941 to 1943, and in the former Soviet Union of Siberia from 1944 to 1945. The disease was first reported in the northern part of Omsk, and two outbreaks of Omsk hemorrhagic fever occurred in 1945 and 1946, with more than 200 people and more than 600 people. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: contagious Complications: pneumonia
Cause
Causes of Omsk hemorrhagic fever
(1) Causes of the disease
The Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus belongs to the genus Rhabdovirus of the genus togavirus, and the genome is single-stranded RNA. The virus has neurotropic characteristics and can be cultured in various types of cells such as Hela cell chicken embryo cells, hamster kidney cells and monkey kidney cells. The lesion is produced, and the virus is isolated from the blood of the acute phase patient and the scorpion scorpion.
(two) pathogenesis
The pathogenesis depends on vascular damage, thrombocytopenia, and the extent of brain, kidney, endocardium, myocardium, stomach, and intestinal bleeding. The virus mainly invades the blood vessels and nervous system, and the skin, mucous membranes, and visceral blood vessels are congested, and endothelial cells are damaged. Increased vascular permeability, tissue congestion, edema, cerebral edema can cause sensory changes, vasoconstriction can lead to collapse and shock, liver Kupffer cells can be seen hemosiderin deposition.
Prevention
Omsk hemorrhagic fever prevention
1. Prevention is mainly mites and personal protection.
2. There is currently a highly effective live attenuated vaccine, but the side effects are obvious and it has not been promoted.
Complication
Omsk hemorrhagic fever complications Complications pneumonia
Meningeal symptoms, pneumonia and kidney disease can occur during this period.
Symptom
Omsk hemorrhagic fever symptoms common symptoms cheeks and upper chest congestion diarrhea repeated hematemesis fever nosebleeds
Latent period 1 to 10 days, the patient suddenly onset, fever, headache, back and limb pain, vomiting and diarrhea, pseudomeningitis, axillary mucosal rash; can occur nosebleeds, hematemesis and melena, nose, intestines, lungs Mainly with uterine bleeding, skin congestion and mucosal congestion are the characteristics of this disease. Some patients have a second fever 10 to 15 days after the onset of the disease, and are more severe than the first time. Meningeal symptoms, pneumonia and kidney disease can occur during this period.
Examine
Examination of hemorrhagic fever in Omsk
In the acute phase, white blood cells and thrombocytopenia, plasma cells increase, albumin and granule can be found in the urine, and the number of cells and protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of the meninges can be increased. The virus is isolated from acute patients and neutralized by virus neutralization test. Antibodies are valuable for diagnosis. ESR slows down.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of Omsk hemorrhagic fever
Diagnostic criteria
1. Virus isolation Take the blood of patients within one disease week, cerebrospinal fluid, inoculate in guinea pigs, white mice or chicken embryos for virus isolation.
2. Serological examination Take duplicate serum for complement fixation or neutralization test, which is more than 4 times higher.
Differential diagnosis
The initial stage of fever should be differentiated from regression fever, typhoid fever, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, etc. The bleeding period should be differentiated from epidemic hemorrhagic fever and meningitis.
