tooth hypersensitivity
Introduction
Introduction to tooth hypersensitivity Tooth hypersensitivity (toothhypersensitivity), also known as hypersensitive dentin or dentin hypersensitivity (dentinehypersensitivity), is the external stimulation of the teeth, such as temperature (cold, hot), chemicals (acid, sweet) and mechanical effects ( The symptoms of soreness caused by rubbing or biting hard substances are characterized by rapid onset, sharp pain and short time. Teeth hypersensitivity is not an independent disease, but a common symptom of various dental diseases. The peak age of onset is around 40 years old. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: gingivitis
Cause
Causes of tooth hypersensitivity
Allergic diseases that can damage the integrity of the enamel and expose the dentin, such as abrasion, wedge-shaped defects, tooth fractures, rickets, and periodontal atrophy, can cause tooth hypersensitivity, but Not all teeth exposed to dentin have symptoms, usually related to the time of dentin exposure and the speed of repairing dentin. Although most cases are caused by dentin exposure, it is also an important reason, but it cannot be explained. All clinical manifestations, such as sensitive symptoms, can undergo a process from scratch and from nothing to nothing as a result of changes in health and climate, which is not explained by the speed of repairing dentin formation, individual enamel intact teeth It can also produce sensitivity. The Soviet scholars called this disease "the increase in enamel and dentin sensation", and the abbreviation "dental hypersensitivity" is relatively accurate.
The pathogenesis of tooth hypersensitivity is not well understood, and there are currently three hypotheses.
1. Neurology believes that there are dental nerve endings in dentin, so the feeling can be transmitted into the pulp by the surface layer of dentin, but from the observation of morphology and function, there is no consensus yet. Many scholars believe that: in the teeth The myelinated nerves in the odontoblastic layer of the medulla are only partially part of the anterior dentin and the inner layer of the dentin, and 2/3 of them have no neurological structure. Many experimental results do not support the nerve pair. The response to various stimuli is direct. The view that potassium chloride, histamine, acetylcholine, etc. act on superficial dentin does not cause pain; local anesthetics acting on the surface of dentin do not alleviate the sensitivity of dentin.
2. Dentin fiber conduction theory believes that the protoplasmic cells of odontoblasts contain acetylcholine enzyme, which can cause nerve conduction and cause pain after being stimulated. Those who object to it believe that experimentally interfere with human teeth into dentin cells. The dentin sensitivity was not reduced, indicating that odontoblasts do not have sensory properties and may only play a passive role in dentin hypersensitivity.
3. The theory of liquid dynamics believes that the pain caused by air, hypertonic solution or temperature stimulation is caused by these stimuli moving the liquid in the dentinal tubules, mechanically agitating the contents of the pulp, and indirectly exciting the free nerves. The tip, the afferent impulse, produces pain, and the energy accompanying the fluid movement can be converted into an electrical signal by the endodontic receptor. About 25% of the dentin volume is occupied by the free liquid, and its composition and properties are similar to other body fluids, and In the liquid phase communication of dental pulp tissue, the dentinal tubule is a capillary with a diameter of 0.8-2.5 m. Therefore, the effect of liquid dynamics depends on the permeability of the dentinal tubule or the condition of the dentin surface, causing the dentin liquid to move outward. The stimuli are air-blown, hypertonic solution and cold stimuli. The stimulation of the dentinal liquid moving inward is mechanically irritated or heated. The dentin is sensitive at the beginning of exposure. Later, the sensitive natural relief is due to the mineral in the teeth. The result of intrinsic tubule deposition or pulp formation of repaired dentin.
Prevention
Dental hypersensitivity prevention
To prevent and treat dentin hypersensitivity, in addition to the usual methods of cleaning the mouth, such as brushing your teeth, there are several tips that can be used.
For example, patients can chew raw walnuts, or repeatedly rub the allergic parts of teeth with the cross section of fresh garlic. Allicin has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and has a certain effect on the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. The tannic acid, which can make the proteins in the dentinal tubules coagulate, can also play a desensitizing role.
There is also a simple and convenient way to use the tea that can be seen everywhere around us. Don't throw away the tea at any time. You can use it waste and put it in the mouth, especially the allergic teeth. You can also put the fresh tea directly into the mouth. The sensitive parts of the teeth are gently chewed. Studies have shown that tea is rich in fluorine and tea polyphenols. Tea polyphenols have the function of disinfection and sterilization. It not only inhibits the growth of cariogenic bacteria, but also enhances the resistance of enamel. Acid capacity, and in the case of fluoride, the acid resistance will be unexpectedly enhanced. In addition, the fluoride ion in the tea has a good health effect on the teeth, and it has a great affinity with the calcium of the teeth. This is like adding a protective layer to the teeth.
Complication
Dental hypersensitivity complications Complications gingivitis
Serious people do not dare to bite, sputum, and diet is also difficult.
Symptom
Symptoms of tooth hypersensitivity Common symptoms Teeth chewing wear toothache gums swollen teeth hot and cold pain small and dull teeth
1. It is manifested as painfulness. Mechanical stimulation was the most significant, followed by cold, sour, sweet, etc., and the pain disappeared immediately after stimulation.
2. Use the probe tip to look for one or several sensitive or sensitive areas on the tooth surface, causing special acid, "soft" and painful symptoms in the patient.
3. Sensitive points are found on the occlusal enamel essence, dentin exposure or the enamel bone boundary of the tooth neck; can be found on one or more teeth.
Examine
Examination of tooth hypersensitivity
The most reliable diagnostic method is to use a sharp probe to slide on the tooth surface, one or several allergic areas can be found, a mechanical stimulator is reported abroad, and the pressure of the stainless steel needle is adjusted by screws to test the sensitivity of the tooth. Electronically controlled thermometers are also used to test the subject. However, to date, the sensitivity of the teeth can only be expressed by the patient's subjective feelings.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of tooth hypersensitivity
It can be diagnosed according to the clinical, no need to identify.
