acute rhinitis
Introduction
Introduction to acute rhinitis Acute rhinitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa caused by viral infection, also known as "cold", "cold". Symptoms include nasal congestion, runny nose, fever, etc. The course of the disease is usually 7 to 10 days. More than 200 viruses are associated with acute rhinitis. It can be affected in all seasons, and it is more common in winter. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 100% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sinusitis otitis media pharyngitis laryngitis pneumonia pneumonia rheumatic fever viral myocarditis acute glomerulonephritis
Cause
Cause of acute rhinitis
Virus (30%):
Various respiratory viruses can cause this disease, and rhinoviruses and coronaviruses are the mainstays. When the body's resistance is reduced or the anti-unloading function of the nasal mucosa is destroyed, the virus can invade the body. The pathogens (streptococci, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, influenza bacillus and other bacteria) that are present in the nose and throat of the patient also actively multiply and form secondary infections.
Systemic factors (30%):
Such as cold, overwork, malnutrition, excessive alcohol and tobacco, endocrine disorders (thyroid dysfunction, etc.) and chronic diseases of the whole body (heart, liver, kidney disease) can affect the normal process of metabolism, causing vasospasm, tissue hypoxia, The temperature of the nasal mucosa is lowered, the immune function is decreased, and the resistance of the respiratory mucosa, especially the nasal mucosa, is decreased, and the physical factors are also related. The local factors are mainly due to nasal septum deviation, chronic rhinitis, nasal polyps, etc., which cause nasal ventilation limitation. It affects the physiological function of the nasal cavity and the adjacent focal diseases, which induces the occurrence of acute rhinitis.
Prevention
Acute rhinitis prevention
First of all, effective treatment of acute rhinitis, such as early use of anti-cold drugs, early elimination of inflammation, prevention of the occurrence of the disease. Secondly, follow the doctor's advice and actively carry out other medical treatments; once again, rest well, drink plenty of water to reduce the damage of the disease to the human body and increase the excretion of the bacteria, especially when it is hot. In addition, you should also eat some light diet to keep the stool smooth, when the disease is aggravated, check the white blood cells significantly increased should use antibiotics to control the continued development of the disease, usually can reduce the incidence of the disease.
Complication
Acute rhinitis complications Complications sinusitis otitis media pharyngitis laryngitis pneumonia rheumatic fever viral myocarditis acute glomerulonephritis
Acute rhinitis is an acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa. When the body's resistance is reduced due to various reasons or the function of the nasal mucosa is impaired, the virus invades the human body, grows and multiplies, and even develops disease. At the same time, it is originally found in the nose and throat. The germs of the Ministry will also take advantage of the opportunity to breed and be active, forming a secondary infection. If the timely and better treatment is not obtained, the infection will continue to spread and cause sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and Can cause rheumatic fever, viral myocarditis, acute glomerulonephritis and other diseases, so in the treatment of acute rhinitis, should pay attention to whether there is a common occurrence, where the performance of high fever does not retreat, sore throat, cough, chest tightness, palpitation , arrhythmia, joint pain, low back pain, frequent urination, or eyelid edema, etc., should be further comprehensive examination, early diagnosis and take positive treatment measures to avoid delay in treatment.
Symptom
Acute rhinitis symptoms Common symptoms Nasal mucous membrane pale edema nasal vestibule itch side lying on the underside... Breathing gas is rancid smelly nose, fire head, swollen nose, bloody pus, nasal congestion, congestion, nasal secretions
(1) Initial (precursor period): About 1~2 days, mostly manifested as general systemic acid trap, dryness in the nose and nasopharynx, congestion of the nasal mucosa, dryness, diagnosis and identification of acute rhinitis should be associated with certain infections The symptoms of the forequarters of the disease, such as flu, measles, gorilla fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, etc., because of the onset of these diseases, often have symptoms of acute rhinitis, known as "acute infectious rhinitis", should be noted It must also be differentiated from allergic rhinitis. In acute rhinitis, avoid rubbing your nose with force to prevent inflammatory disease from causing otitis media or sinusitis.
(B) acute period (wet period): about 2-7 days, gradually stuffy nose, increased nasal secretions, sneezing and nasal itching, speech is occlusive nasal, olfactory sensation, nasal mucosa is obviously congested and swollen, nasal cavity filled with mucus Sexual or mucopurulent secretions can be converted to pus-like, with varying degrees of fever, head swelling, headache, etc.
(3) Terminal (recovery period): The nasal congestion is gradually reduced, and the purulent sputum is also reduced. If complications do not occur, it can be self-healing after a few days, and the complications of inflammation can also spread downward, causing inflammation of the throat, trachea and lungs.
Examine
Acute rhinitis examination
The nasal mucosa is hyperemic and swollen, the inferior turbinate is swollen, the nasal cavity is narrow, and the secretions are visible on the nasal passages of the nasal passages. The early serous fluid is followed by mucus, and the infected person is mucopurulent.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute rhinitis
diagnosis
Acute rhinitis should be differentiated from the foresight symptoms of certain infectious diseases, such as influenza, measles, gorilla fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, etc. Because of the onset of these diseases, symptoms of acute rhinitis often appear, and there are "acute infectious rhinitis." "The name should be noted. It must also be differentiated from allergic rhinitis. In acute rhinitis, do not force your nose to prevent inflammatory disease from causing otitis media or sinusitis. Inflammation can also spread downwards, causing inflammation of the throat, trachea, and lungs.
Differential diagnosis
1. The flu is highly contagious. In the short term, there are a large number of people in the same area, and the systemic symptoms are heavy, such as high fever, chills, headache, and sore muscles.
2. Allergic rhinitis has no systemic symptoms such as fever, local symptoms are paroxysmal, pale nasal mucosa, edema, nasal discharge such as clear water, nasal secretion cytology, skin test, challenge test and specific IgE antibody determination For identification.
3. Vasomotor rhinitis symptoms are similar to allergic rhinitis, sudden onset, rapid regression, and obvious predisposing factors.
4. Acute infectious diseases Many respiratory acute infectious diseases may have symptoms similar to acute rhinitis, such as measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, etc., which can be identified through detailed physical examination and close observation of the course of the disease.
