Nasal septum perforation
Introduction
Introduction to nasal septum perforation Nasal septum perforation refers to the permanent perforation of the nasal septum through the nasal passages of both sides resulting from various causes. The shape, location and size of the perforations vary. Nasal septal perforation is the result of injury in the nasal septum, although it does not cause serious consequences, but its symptoms often plague patients. Clinical manifestations of nasal dryness, the formation of purulent sputum, causing nasal congestion and headache, prone to nosebleeds. The front of the nasal septum has a small perforation, and a whistling sound can occur when breathing. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.12% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: headache
Cause
Cause of nasal septal perforation
Trauma (30%):
Frequent nose digging, nasal septum abscess caused by nasal trauma, nasal septum injury on both sides of the nasal septum mucosa, corrosive and irritating substances such as chromic acid, whisk, arsenic, mercury, cement, lime and other long-term stimulation of nasal septum caused by mucosa, Repeated use of corrosive drugs to burn the mucosa on both sides of the nasal septum.
Other factors (10%):
1Wegener granulomatosis, nasal cancer, foreign bodies and stones. 2 nasal trauma caused improper treatment of nasal septal injury. 3 nasal septum abscess is not handled properly. 4 The course of the disease that causes nasal septum ulceration has been delayed for too long.
Specific infectious diseases (20%):
Such as tuberculosis, lupus, leprosy caused by perforation in the nasal septum cartilage, syphilitic perforation mostly located in the nasal septum, and the saddle nose.
Acute infectious diseases (20%):
Such as diphtheria, smallpox, typhoid and scarlet fever.
Prevention
Nasal septum perforation prevention
Pay attention to hygiene in life, drink plenty of water, and prevent nasal dryness; for example, after nasal surgery, do related prevention work to prevent complications.
Complication
Nasal septal perforation complications Complications
Nasal septal perforation is a serious complication in the treatment of nasal diseases, often causing nasal dryness, pain, crusting, itching, bleeding or headache.
Symptom
Symptoms of nasal septum perforation Common symptoms Nasal nasal congestion Nasal bleeding Nasal septum perforation
The nasal cavity is dry, there is suede formation, causing nasal obstruction and headache, and prone to nasal discharge. The small perforation in the anterior segment of the nasal septum may whistle when breathing. If the perforation is located in the posterior segment of the nasal septum, it may not show any symptoms.
Examine
Nasal septum perforation
Nasal examination can be used to observe the nasal cavity, nasal septum, inferior turbinate, lower nasal passage, middle turbinate, middle nasal passage and nasal top area. Pay attention to the color of the nasal mucosa, nasal secretions, and whether there are lesions such as ulcers, adhesions or tumors. The perforation of the nasal septum was observed, and the perforation was scarred, and the perforation edge was eroded and easily bleed. Sometimes small perforations are often covered by scars and should be ignored. The size of the perforations, position, shape should be carefully examined.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of nasal septal perforation
Nasal dryness, often formed of purulent sputum, causing nasal congestion and headache, often with blood in the sputum or nosebleeds. If the perforation is in the anterior segment of the nasal septum, there may be whistling when breathing, and the perforation of the posterior segment of the nasal septum may be asymptomatic. Easy to diagnose.
Symmetrical swelling of the nasal septum, local pain is obvious, accompanied by nose and nose and red and swollen pain, should be carefully examined, pus can be diagnosed by puncture swelling site.
