paralysis
Introduction
Introduction Paralysis is the reduction or loss of voluntary motor function. It is a common symptom of the nervous system. It is caused by upper and lower motor neurons, pyramidal tract and peripheral neuropathy. The muscle weakness caused by the muscle itself will be described separately. . Where the cortical motor projection zone and the upper motor neuron pathway are damaged by the lesion, it can cause upper motor neuron spasm. Common causes are craniocerebral trauma, tumor, inflammation, cerebrovascular disease, degeneration, poisoning, and some internal medicine. Diseases such as diabetes, hematoporphyria, macrocytic anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.26% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: muscle atrophy acne
Cause
Cause
Cause:
Where the cortical motor projection zone and the upper motor neuron pathway are damaged by the lesion, it can cause upper motor neuron spasm. Common causes are craniocerebral trauma, tumor, inflammation, cerebrovascular disease, degeneration, poisoning, and some internal medicine. Diseases such as diabetes, hematoporphyria, macrocytic anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency.
Prevention
Prevention
For work, it is best to pay more attention when working, and exercise with the doctor's instructions during the treatment.
1. Self-care ability and professional ability training: When there is improvement, patients should actively exercise daily life skills; medical staff and family members should give correct guidance and enthusiastic help to encourage patients to do what they can, such as de-wearing Clothes, face washing, eating, etc.
2, strengthen the activities of the limbs: including limb massage, passive activities and sit up, standing, walking exercise, etc., can prevent limb contracture, deformity.
3, to maintain the limb function position: the finger joints of the limbs should be stretched, slightly flexed, a sponge can be placed in the patient's hand; the elbow joint should be slightly flexed; the upper limb shoulder joint slightly abducted to avoid joint adduction; hip extension, knee extension To prevent the foot from sagging, the ankle should be slightly dorsiflexed; to prevent the external rotation of the lower extremity, place sandbags or other supports on the outside.
Complication
Complications Complications muscle atrophy acne
Because of the long-term bed rest or movement of paralyzed patients, muscle atrophy, hypostatic pneumonia, hemorrhoids and other diseases may occur.
Symptom
symptoms common symptoms paraplegic sensory dysfunction facial muscle tonic pattern disappears brain stem lesions dystrophy limbs symmetry... muscle tension reduction high paraplegia long-term disease loss
Single
One of the limbs is screaming as a single scorpion. Single sputum can be caused by peripheral neuropathy and central neuropathy. Lesions can be located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, anterior root, plexus, and peripheral nerves. Acute morbidity is seen in trauma, and gradually taking off is seen in the compression of nerve plexus and nerve roots, such as the compression of tumors and neck ribs. Clinically, a single sputum lesion is located in the cortex or subcortical area, and the sputum can be central. If the lesion is located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, the anterior root, and the peripheral nerve, the sputum is peripheral.
hemiplegia
The upper limb and lower limb muscles on the same side are called hemiplegia. Sometimes accompanied by ipsilateral muscles and genital warts. From the cerebral cortex motor area, any part of the nerve path between the inner capsule and the brain stem to the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord can produce hemiplegia, insidious onset, and a hemiplegia that develops slowly and progressively. The cause is mostly intracranial. Space-occupying lesions, such as brain tumors, brain abscesses, intracranial hematoma, brain parasites, etc., such as hemiplegia characterized by spinal cord characteristics, such as spinal cord tumors, spinal tuberculosis, spinal proliferative lesions, hypertrophic dural meningitis Wait. Sudden onset, the rapid development of hemiplegia is caused by cerebrovascular disease. Mainly for the movement disorders of one side of the upper and lower limbs. There are four manifestations in the clinic: 1 disturbance of consciousness disorder: manifested as sudden onset of disturbance of consciousness, accompanied by hemiplegia, often with head and eye side deflection. 2 flaccid hemiplegia: manifested as one side of the upper and lower extremity dyskinesia with obvious low muscle tone, voluntary muscle paralysis apparently involuntary muscles can not appear paralysis, such as gastrointestinal exercise, bladder muscle, etc., no obstacles. 3 spasticity hemiplegia: generally caused by flaccid hemiplegia, characterized by marked increase in muscle tone. The extensor muscles of the upper limbs and the flexor muscles of the lower limbs are obvious, and the muscle tension is significantly increased. Therefore, the upper limbs are flexed, the lower limbs are straight, the fingers are flexed, and the passive straight fingers have a stiff resistance. 4 hemiparesis: in the case of extremely mild hemiplegia, such as the early stage of progressive hemiplegia, or the interval of seizures of transient seizures, the sputum is mild, and it is easy to miss if not carefully examined.
Paraplegia
The nicknames of the two lower extremities are called paraplegia. The vast majority is caused by spinal cord damage below the neck enlargement. Trauma, blade stab wounds, rod wounds, etc. cause spinal cord severing, spinal cord hemorrhage or spinal fractures, spinal cord contusion and acute transverse myelitis caused by general viral infection, peripheral neuropathy, spinal vascular disease, spinal cord compression lesions, degenerative diseases, etc. Paraplegia can occur. According to the temporal tension state of the muscle, the flaccid paraplegia and spastic paraplegia; according to the paraplegic lesions, the brain paraplegia, spinal paraplegia, peripheral neuropathic paraplegia; according to the neuron damage, the motor neuron paraplegia and lower motor nerve Metabolic paraplegia.
In addition to hemiplegia, single sputum, paraplegia, there are still four limbs, cross sputum.
Examine
Awkward inspection
The examination of the nervous system, necessary selective laboratory tests include: blood routine, blood electrolytes, blood sugar, and urea nitrogen.
The necessary optional auxiliary inspection items include:
1. Bottom of the skull, CT and MRI examinations.
2. Cerebrospinal fluid examination.
3. Chest, ECG, ultrasound.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic diagnosis
The lesion must first be localized to a specific level of the neuromuscular system based on the patient's symptoms and signs to determine the cause of muscle weakness, the distribution of muscle weakness to radiculopathy, plexus and peripheral neuropathy, and neurogenic and myogenic lesions. Identification is quite beneficial. Peripheral nerve refers to the cerebral and spinal nerves other than the olfactory and optic nerve, the autonomic nerve and its ganglia. Peripheral neuropathy refers to a disease that is structural or functionally impaired in the nervous system on Friday.
