Ota mole
Introduction
Introduction to Ota Nevusofota is an abnormality in the differentiation of melanocytes in the skin caused by heredity or certain intra-fetal causes, causing facial trigeminal nerves (mainly the first and second branches) to distribute skin, and often affects pigmented lesions of tissues such as sclera. Clinically, it is characterized by brown-blue patches or patches around the eyes and facial skin. It is also called brown-green sputum on the eye, and melanocytosis in the eye. The stain can not subside itself. The laser is currently better for treating Ota. Methods. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: malignant melanoma, blue sputum, hemangioma
Cause
Ota cause
Cause:
Ota may be autosomal dominant, but there are also different opinions. The lesions of Ota are mostly distributed in the first and second regions of the trigeminal nerve. Ito is distributed in the posterior clavicular nerve and the lateral brachial nerve. According to the characteristics of nerve distribution, melanocytes may be derived from local nerve tissue. Melanocytes or precursors are caused to stagnate locally during migration to the epidermis.
Pathogenesis
Melanocytes are generally located in the middle of the dermis, which may involve the upper or subcutaneous tissues of the dermis. The number of melanocytes is more, and there are more bulges in the lesions. The cell bodies are elongated and fusiform, scattered between the dermal collagen fibers, and a few lesions. In the melanocytes, the lesions affect the eyes. In addition to the skin tissue, other tissues include the deep periosteum, and melanocyte infiltration is also observed.
Prevention
Ota prevention
There is no effective prevention method for this disease, and early treatment is needed.
Complication
Ota complication Complications malignant melanoma blue hemangioma
Each time due to fatigue, pregnancy, menstruation or lack of sleep, a few cases can be combined with ipsilateral glaucoma, cataract, malignant melanoma, conductive deafness Ito, blue sputum and hemangioma.
complication
1. The anterior chamber angle is blocked by pigmentation and causes glaucoma.
2, can be combined with neurological deafness, eyeball regression syndrome.
3, can also be combined with ipsilateral congenital cataract and upper limb atrophy.
4, Ota is rarely a chance to malign, sometimes it is a combination of iris, choroidal melanoma, or malignant blue sputum.
Symptom
Ota symptoms common symptoms port wine stains pigmented spots
Ota is good for people of color, such as orientals and blacks. Women are more common. They are patches of brown, gray and blue spots. The boundaries of the lesions are unclear. The spots in the lesions can be monochromatic. It can have both of the above colors, and the color is different. Because of the density and location of melanocytes in the dermis, the patches can be light brown to dark blue. Different parts of the same lesion can have different colors, some patients The lesion has a tendency to slowly increase, and the patch occurs in the forehead, the periocular, the cheek and the temporal region, that is, the region corresponding to the distribution region of the third and third trigeminal nerves, which may occupy all or part of the region, and the plaque Tablets can occur on one side of the face, and occasionally occur on both sides, often bilaterally symmetric, and some melanocytes are also distributed in the conjunctiva, cornea and retina.
Skin lesions are light cyan, gray-blue, brown-blue to blue-black or brown-yellow patches or spots, the center of the patch is dark, and the edges are lightly faded. Occasionally, some areas of pigmented spots can bulge or even miliary to mung bean size. Small nodules, spots are clustered, dense and dense, or the center is a patch, the edges are spots, the color of the skin lesions is due to sun exposure, fatigue, menstrual period, pregnancy, and some puberty deepen, Ota The color of the dragonfly can be changed to some extent, such as the darker summer color and the lighter winter, and the mood has an effect on the color.
The most common affected parts of the disease are periorbital, temporal, forehead, ankle and alar, which are equivalent to the first trigeminal nerve, the area of the two branches, unilateral distribution, and even bilateral (about 10%). About 2/3 of the patients have blue staining of the ipsilateral sclera, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, fundus, optic nerve head, optic nerve, post-ocular fat and periorbital periosteum. The skin lesions can also affect the scalp, ear and neck, and trunk. The upper and lower limbs, etc., the oral and nasopharynx mucosa can also be affected.
The upper and lower eyelids, the ankles and the ankles, which occur on the side of the face, occasionally appear on both sides of the face. About 2/3 of the patients have blue staining of the ipsilateral sclera, and the upper jaw and buccal mucosa can also be affected. The distribution is usually limited to the trigeminal nerve. The area under the control of the two branches, the lesions are usually patchy, with occasional nodules, which can be brown, gray, blue, black, etc., brown and mostly mesh or map-like, while blue pigmentation is more diffuse, 50 % of pigmented spots are congenital, and the rest appear after 10 years of age, occasionally late or during pregnancy, accompanied by Ito and Port wine stains.
Examine
Ota's inspection
Generally, no auxiliary examination is required, and diagnosis can be made according to the color, distribution and eye involvement of the pigment.
Histopathology:
1. Like Mongolian plaque, melanocytes are scattered between dermal collagen fibers, but their distribution is shallower than Mongolian plaque.
2, there are uplifted and infiltrated pigment spots, the number of melanocytes is many, like blue sputum.
3, the eye, including the deep structure of the orbital periosteum and other deep cell structure can also have significant cell infiltration.
Diagnosis
Ota diagnosis and identification
diagnosis
According to the color and distribution characteristics of pigment spots, Ota is generally not difficult to diagnose.
Differential diagnosis
Need to be identified with Mongolian spots, blue mites and so on.
1. Mongolian plaques are born at birth, can naturally subside, and do not affect the eyes and mucous membranes. The number of melanocytes in the dermis is small and the position is deep.
2, blue sputum is a blue-black papule or small nodule, which occurs in the back of the hand and foot and the face, buttocks, and the melanocytes in the tissue are gathered together.
