soft palate cancer
Introduction
Introduction to soft sputum cancer Soft sputum cancer accounts for 13.5% of the primary malignant tumors of the sac, and its etiology is similar to other malignant tumors of the oropharynx. The pathological type is more common in glandular epithelium, followed by squamous epithelium, and malignant melanoma is the third. . In the early stage, only the oropharyngeal discomfort is not obvious, the symptoms are not obvious, and it is easy to be ignored. After that, bad breath, sore throat, swallowing pain can be radiated to the same side and neck. Antibiotics can temporarily relieve symptoms, and dysphagia can occur in the late stage. Changes in sound, soft palate fixation, destruction, perforation can cause food to flow back to the nasal cavity; upward or outward invasion of the nasopharynx or parapharyngeal space may have closed jaws, difficulty in opening the mouth, otitis media, ankle pain and occasional cranial nerve involvement. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: difficulty swallowing
Cause
The cause of soft palate
The etiology is similar to other malignant tumors in the oropharynx, and is related to internal factors such as neuropsychology, endocrine, heredity, and body immunity, as well as external factors such as physics, chemistry, or biology.
Prevention
Soft palate prevention
There are no special preventive measures for this disease. Early detection and early treatment are the key to prevention.
Complication
Soft palate cancer complications Complications, difficulty swallowing
The surgical complication is an open nasal sound, and the food is returned to the nasal cavity.
Symptom
Soft palate cancer symptoms Common symptoms Soft palate pain swallowing pain Ankle pain Soft palate Motion asymmetry Dysphagia Food reflux to nasal cavity Closed mouth difficulty Difficult perforation
Soft sputum cancer is easy to see, there may be superficial ulcers, soft palate movement asymmetry, etc., palpation lesions are more difficult, and a biopsy is needed for diagnosis.
In the early stage, only the oropharyngeal discomfort is not obvious, the symptoms are not obvious, and it is easy to be ignored. After that, bad breath, sore throat, swallowing pain can be radiated to the same side and neck. Antibiotics can temporarily relieve symptoms, and dysphagia can occur in the late stage. Changes in sound, soft palate fixation, destruction, perforation can cause food to flow back to the nasal cavity; upward or outward invasion of the nasopharynx or parapharyngeal space may have closed jaws, difficulty in opening the mouth, otitis media, ankle pain and occasional cranial nerve involvement.
Physical examination revealed that there are new organisms in the soft tongue or uvula. Almost all soft squamous cell carcinomas occur in the oral cavity of the soft palate (below). The nasopharyngeal surface is almost not long, and even the larger tumor in the nasopharynx is less invasive. Soft sputum nasopharyngeal surface, early tumor lesions are red, borders are not obvious, soft palate white lesions are also common, may be mucosal leukoplakia, carcinoma in situ or early invasive carcinoma, multi-site tumor growth on the surface of normal mucosa is a common feature, most Soft palate cancer is limited to soft palate or adjacent tonsil arch. The T grade is T2 or T3, but the volume of the tumor is smaller than that of the base of the tongue and the tonsil fossa. The center of the advanced cancer has ulcers, edge bulges, or outer Growth, especially in the uvula, soft sputum tumor first spread to the tonsil arch and hard palate, outward expansion through the pharyngeal contracture muscle invasion of the pterygoid muscle and skull base, occasionally involving or compressing the cranial nerve in the parapharyngeal space, In the late stage, the nasopharynx wall is often invaded, causing perforation or ulceration of the soft palate. The lymphatic metastasis first goes to the second abdominal muscle lymph node, and then along the jugular vein chain, submandibular, submental, and paraspinal lymph nodes. It is rare to see that about 50% of patients have enlarged lymph nodes on admission, 16% of which are bilateral, lymph node clinical palpation is negative, about 20% of lymph nodes are positive after surgery, and the positive rate of lymph nodes is related to T grade, T1 is 8%. T2 is 36% and T3 and T4 are 66%.
Examine
Soft cancer diagnosis
There is ulceration in the ankle, painful mass, and it should be suspected of cancer. It is feasible to check as follows:
1. Puncture cytology or biopsy diagnosis;
2. X-ray film or CT examination should be taken, suitable for suspected bone destruction, or invading the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of soft palate
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be performed based on clinical manifestations and examinations.
Differential diagnosis
Soft cancer should be identified with the following diseases:
Mixed tumor
The small parotid mixed tumor of the ankle is more benign than malignant, with no symptoms, slow growth, normal mucosal surface of most masses, no bone destruction, and can be identified by puncture cytology or frozen sections during surgery.
2. Maxillary sinus cancer
In particular, the primary wall of the primary wall often causes oral symptoms, and sometimes it is not easy to distinguish from the sacral cancer invading the maxillary sinus. The maxillary sinus cancer often has nasal symptoms and abnormal exudate, the teeth loose and fall off early and the number is large, and the X-ray shows the upper jaw. Sinus cancer occupying lesions with extensive bone destruction.
