lymphangioma
Introduction
Introduction to lymphangioma Lymphangioma is a congenital benign tumor composed of expanded and endothelial cells proliferating lymphatic vessels and connective tissue, containing lymph, lymphocytes or mixed blood. According to the size of the lymphatic lumen of the tissue, it can be basically divided into capillary lymphangioma, cavernous lymphangioma and cystic lymphangioma. The incidence of children is more common. According to clinical observations, the authors have found that adult onset is also common, and tumor growth is slow, and self-reduction is extremely rare. For less limited lymphangioma, it does not affect the function and does not hinder the appearance, and can not be treated. Because some lymphangiomas have a tendency to naturally subside. Although the lesions are more extensive, but no respiratory, dysphagia signs and other serious complications, can not be treated temporarily, observed for follow-up ~ 2 years, if no reduction or increase, then treatment. Simple persons can be treated by electric drying, freezing or laser treatment. Cystic and spongy are not sensitive to radiation and should be surgically removed. Sponges are often recurrent and require radical surgery. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.03% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: malignant lymphoma
Cause
Lymphangioma cause
Congenital factors (30%):
During the embryo, the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein expands to form a cyst called the cervical sac. Part of the lymphatic system develops from the cervical sac. During the development of the embryo, if a part of the lymphoid tissue is vain, it still maintains the nature of the embryonic period, and continues to develop and enlarge. It is a multi-sac sac containing the lymph and the endothelium.
Circulatory disorder (30%)
When the mesoderm in the embryonic venous plexus forms a primitive lymphatic sac, a misconfiguration occurs, causing the primitive lymphatic sac to fail to communicate with the venous system, resulting in dysfunction of the lymphatic system. The mesoderm gap in the embryonic venous plexus fuses to form a large primitive lymphatic sac, draining into the central venous system, and then the lymphatic sac gradually degenerates or develops into a lymphatic system parallel to the vein.
Histopathology (30%):
The cystic lymphangioma contains a large lymphatic cyst, which is thin and has endothelial cells. The cyst is often multi-atrial and contains a pale yellow water-like liquid. Smooth muscles are sometimes seen. Usually located deep in the dermis, it can also extend to the subcutaneous tissue or the muscle structure of the lower layer.
Prevention
Lymphangioma prevention
Because the cause of lymphangioma patients is not yet clear, the prevention method is nothing more than:
1 Minimize infection and avoid exposure to radiation and other harmful substances, especially drugs that have an inhibitory effect on immune function.
2 Appropriate exercise, enhance physical fitness and improve your disease resistance.
Mainly for the prevention of various factors that may lead to malignant lymphangioma. It is currently believed that the loss of normal immune surveillance function, the tumorigenic effect of immunosuppressants, the activity of latent viruses and the long-term application of certain physical (such as radiation), chemical (such as anti-epileptic drugs, adrenocortical hormone) substances, Lead to the proliferation of lymphatic network, and eventually malignant lymphangioma. Therefore, pay attention to personal and environmental hygiene, avoid drug abuse, and pay attention to personal protection when working in a harmful environment.
Complication
Lymphangioma complications Complications, malignant lymphoma
The tumor is prone to concurrent infection and the tumor body suddenly increases, the tension is increased, and the surrounding organs are pressed to cause serious consequences.
Symptom
Lymphangioma Symptoms Common Symptoms Lymph node Degeneration Mediastinal Lymph Node Proliferation Respiratory tract obstruction Oral blistering Tongue lymphatic deposition Body swelling
1. Capillary lymphangioma is a simple lymphangioma with multiple skin and oral mucosa. It is often seen as a soy bean. The color is yellowish and transparent. When it is damaged, there is mucus-like fluid flowing out. Sometimes it is mixed with small blood vessels. Red or purple, mostly in clusters, the surface of the unbroken lymphangioma is smooth, soft and compressible.
2. Spongiform lymphangioma is the most common, mainly composed of lymphatic vessels that are flexed and flexed. It occurs in the skin, subcutaneous tissue and connective tissue between the muscles. There is no change in the color of the epidermis. It is compressive, very soft and multi-atrial cyst. They are connected to each other, and the structure is like sponge. The incidence is the most in the head and neck, followed by the lower limbs, arms, ankles and trunks. The lips and tongues can form a giant lip (tongue).
3. Cystic lymphangioma, also known as water tumor, is a congenital cyst filled with lymph fluid, which is not connected with the surrounding normal lymphatic vessels. It is mainly derived from the vagus lymphoid tissue of the embryo, which occurs in the posterior triangle of the neck, but can be After extending to the clavicle, the lower armpit and the mediastinum can extend to the lower jaw, the bottom of the mouth, etc., the groin and the armpit can also occur, often like a fist, growing slowly, due to no adhesion to the skin, the surface of the tumor No change in skin, soft nature, cystic, lobulated structure, light transmission, slight compressibility, needle-puncture can extract grassy yellow cholesterol crystal liquid, transparent, quickly solidified, similar to lymph fluid, no swelling There is no clinically any symptoms when oppressed. When the volume is too large, the relevant parts of the cystic lymphoma grow and the related symptoms, secondary infection, diffuse swelling can exacerbate the symptoms of compression.
Examine
Lymphangioma examination
1. B-ultrasound can determine tumor size, extent, nature and relationship with surrounding tissues.
2. Neck, supraclavicular, axillary lymphangioma should be X-ray to understand the relationship between tumor bronchus and mediastinum.
3. It is feasible to diagnose CT and MRI in deep and visceral lymphangioma, and to understand its relationship with surrounding tissues.
4. For the abdominal cavity, digestive tract lymphoma is feasible gastrointestinal tract barium meal, endoscopy, laparoscopy.
5. Diagnosis of vertebral puncture can be differentiated from hemangioma.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of lymphangioma
diagnosis
Lymphangioma is generally diagnosed based on the main symptoms and signs.
Differential diagnosis of lymphangioma
Identification with lymphoma.
Lymphoma is a malignant tumor caused by malignant proliferation of lymphocytes and histiocytes originating from lymph nodes or other lymphoid tissues. The prognosis of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's disease is related to the discovery of the morning and evening. A lymph node biopsy or puncture can confirm the diagnosis. The clinical manifestations are progressive lymph nodes, painless hyperplasia, hepatosplenomegaly, irregular fever, night sweats, various skin rashes with itchy skin, late exhaustion and dyscrasia.
