cystic hyperplasia of breast
Introduction
Introduction to cystic hyperplasia of the breast This disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease in women. It is more common in women aged 25-45 years. It is essentially a disorder of the normal structure of the breast caused by physiological hyperplasia and incompleteness. In China, cystic changes are rare, mostly glands. Hyperplasia is the main cause, so it is called "mammary hyperplasia", and the World Health Organization (WHO) collectively refers to "benign breast dysplasia." The risk of malignant transformation is 2 to 4 times higher than that of normal women. Clinical signs and symptoms are sometimes mixed with breast cancer. The etiology of this disease is still not very clear. At present, it is believed that it is related to endocrine disorders and mental factors, the secretion of lutein is decreased, and the amount of estrogen is relatively increased. The main cause of this disease is benign hyperplasia of the mammary gland, and hyperplasia can occur in the gland. There are cysts around the tube with different sizes; it can also occur in the glandular duct and behave as epithelial papillary hyperplasia with cystic ductal expansion. In addition, there is a type of lobular parenchymal hyperplasia. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 5% Susceptible people: more common in women aged 25 to 45 Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: breast lumps
Cause
Causes of cystic hyperplasia of the breast
The etiology of this disease is still not very clear. At present, it is believed that it is related to endocrine disorders and mental factors, the secretion of lutein is decreased, and the amount of estrogen is relatively increased. The main cause of this disease is benign hyperplasia of the mammary gland, and hyperplasia can occur in the gland. There are cysts around the tube with different sizes; it can also occur in the glandular duct and behave as epithelial papillary hyperplasia with cystic ductal expansion. In addition, there is a type of lobular parenchymal hyperplasia.
Prevention
Breast cystic hyperplasia prevention
Prevention of breast hyperplasia should maintain emotional stability, optimistic and cheerful, life arrangement and work and rest, to be full and regular, irregular menstruation should be treated in time, breastfeeding after childbirth, good for both children and themselves, in order to find the breast early Hyperplasia, often for breast self-examination, should be highly valued for early breast cancer, early detection, early treatment.
Complication
Complications of cystic hyperplasia of the breast Complications breast lumps
There may be cancerous changes. Once a tumor with rapid growth or hardening in a short period of time is found, it is highly suspected that it may be cancerous. If necessary, biopsy or simple resection of the breast, intraoperative frozen section to detect cancer, should be breast cancer deal with.
Symptom
Symptoms of cystic hyperplasia of the breast Common symptoms Breast masses, breast pain, breast pain, nipple discharge, cystic hyperplasia of the breast
Outstanding performance is breast tenderness and intra-milk mass:
(1) Breast pain: common unilateral or bilateral breast pain or tenderness, the course of disease varies from 2 months to several years, most patients have the characteristics of periodic pain, occur or aggravate before menstruation, after menstruation To alleviate or disappear, it must be noted that although the periodicity of breast pain is a typical manifestation of this disease, the lack of this feature does not negate the existence of the lesion.
(2) Breast lumps: often multiple, unilateral or bilateral, more common in the upper quadrant; and the size and texture often change periodically with menstruation, the mass in the premenstrual period increases, the texture is hard, the postmenstrual mass Reduced, tough and not hard, can be touched when the sputum can reach the structure of the lumps, the size is different, the boundary with the surrounding tissue is unclear, more tender, no adhesion to the skin and deep tissues, can be pushed, the axillary lymph nodes are not swollen Big.
In addition, there are still long courses, slow development, and sometimes nipple discharge. The nodules of different sizes in the breast are essentially large cystic dilatation, small milk ducts, and nipple discharges from these cysts. Yellow-green, brown or bloody, occasionally colorless serous.
Examine
Examination of cystic hyperplasia of the breast
According to the above clinical manifestations and signs, it is not difficult to diagnose the disease, but it should be noted that a small number of patients (about 2 to 3%) can develop malignant transformation. Therefore, follow-up observation should be taken for suspicious patients, usually every three months. Once, for unilateral and limited lesions, especially should be vigilant.
Breast examination should first observe the development of the mammary gland, whether the breasts on both sides are symmetrical, whether the size is similar, whether the nipples on both sides are at the same level, whether the nipples have retracted depressions; whether the nipples, areola are erosive, how the skin color of the breasts is, whether or not there is Edema and orange peel-like changes, whether there is inflammatory and other inflammatory manifestations, whether the superficial veins in the breast area are angry.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of cystic hyperplasia of the breast
Differential diagnosis
If the clinical manifestations of patients with mammary gland hyperplasia are not typical or there is no obvious anterior breast pain, only those with breast lumps, especially single unilateral, hard masses, should be differentiated from breast fibroadenomas and breast cancer:
(1) Mammary gland hyperplasia and breast fibroadenoma: Both breast lumps can be seen, single or multiple, and the texture is tough. The breast lumps of mammary gland hyperplasia are mostly bilateral, and the masses are different in size and nodular , patchy or granular, texture is generally soft, can also be hard and tough, occasionally single-sided single-shot, but more with pre-menstrual breast pain, touch pain, and the size of the breast mass can be Cyclical changes occur with menstruation, the age of onset is more than young and middle-aged; breast adenoma of breast fibroadenoma is mostly single-sided, the mass is mostly round or oval, the boundary is clear, the activity is large, the texture is generally Tough, there are many people, but generally no breast pain, or only mild menstrual breast discomfort, no tenderness, the size of the breast mass does not change due to the menstrual cycle, the patient is more than 30 years old, It is most common in 20 to 25 years old. In addition, on the mammography of the breast, breast fibroadenomas often show a circular or oval density uniform shadow and its unique circular transparent halo, which can also be used as a differential diagnosis. An important basis.
(2) Mammary gland hyperplasia and breast cancer: both breast lumps can be seen, but the breast lumps of mammary gland hyperplasia are generally soft, or moderately hard, and the masses are mostly bilateral, varying in size and can be nodular , lumps or granules, activity, no adhesion to the skin and surrounding tissues, the size of the mass often changes with the menstrual cycle and mood changes, and the growth of the mass is slow, occurs in young and middle-aged women; breast lumps of breast cancer The texture is generally hard, some are as hard as stones, most of the lumps are single-sided, the lumps can be round, oval or irregular, can grow to a large extent, have poor mobility, and easily occur with the skin and surrounding tissues. Adhesions, tumors have nothing to do with the menstrual cycle and mood changes, can quickly increase in a short period of time, occurs in middle-aged and older women.
