Throat trauma
Introduction
Introduction to throat trauma Often involved in neck trauma, often combined with cervical tracheal and esophageal injuries. The throat and the thyroid gland, the large blood vessels of the neck, the nerves, the cervical vertebrae and other important organs are adjacent. If they are injured at the same time, there may be a crisis such as major bleeding, shock, suffocation, etc., and the rescue is not as good as death. Throat wounds and wounds vary in type, location, extent, degree, and symptoms. The throat is a respiratory and food passage, and there are many blood vessels in the neck. Therefore, shock, suffocation, and swallowing are prone to occur in the early stage of trauma, and the condition is more critical. In the middle of the trauma, it is easy to infect and cause secondary hemorrhage. In the late stage, due to serious tissue defects, or infection, cartilage necrosis, or improper treatment of early wounds, pharyngeal, larynx, trachea, esophageal scar stenosis, fistula formation or vocal folds and other sequelae. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.15% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: edema, open neck injury, shock
Cause
Cause of throat injury
1. Usually caused by traffic accidents, work-related injuries, sports, etc., with contusion of the throat and neck, dislocation of the laryngeal cartilage, bleeding of the laryngeal mucosa and vocal cords, swelling or laceration, wartime bombs, shrapnel causing penetrating injuries, Blind tube injury, cut injury, etc., cut, stab wound is mostly caused by self-injury, cut is mostly transverse incision, 70% in thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage damage is also a lot, lighter only damage Soft tissue and cartilage, severe cases can injure the pharynx and the posterior wall of the esophagus. Occasionally, large blood vessels in the injured large blood vessels die immediately. The wounds are small and deep, often accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema and hemorrhage. When the child's mouth contains a stick, it can also be Stabbing the pharynx, even through the pharynx to the brain, endangering life.
2, throat, throat, trachea, esophagus and lower respiratory tract can cause chemical damage and burns due to corrosive chemicals, poisonous gas, burns, etc.
3, throat trauma according to the neck skin with or without wounds, can be divided into closed throat trauma and open throat trauma.
Prevention
Throat trauma prevention
Pay attention to the prevention and nutrition supply of wound treatment and sequelae.
Complication
Throat trauma complications Complications, edema, neck, open injury, shock
Infection leads to cartilage necrosis, or due to improper treatment of early wounds, sequelae, larynx, trachea, esophageal scar stenosis, fistula formation or vocal folds and other sequelae.
Symptom
Throat trauma symptoms Common symptoms Dysphagia Dysphagia False sound traumatic dyspnea Secondary infection Open injury Asphyxia shock
Throat wounds and wounds vary in type, location, extent, degree, and symptoms. The throat is a respiratory and food passage, and there are many blood vessels in the neck. Therefore, shock, suffocation, and swallowing are prone to occur in the early stage of trauma, and the condition is more critical. In the middle of the trauma, it is easy to infect and cause secondary hemorrhage. In the late stage, due to serious tissue defects, or infection, cartilage necrosis, or improper treatment of early wounds, pharyngeal, larynx, trachea, esophageal scar stenosis, fistula formation or vocal folds and other sequelae.
(1) Bleeding: throat contusion, only the wounded mucosa is less bleeding, often with blood in the sputum, open throat injury, due to more blood vessels in the neck, more bleeding, sometimes can cause shock, such as injury and carotid artery Can cause massive bleeding and death.
(2) Difficulty breathing: Throat and tracheal trauma can cause different degrees of dyspnea whether it is open injury or closed injury.
(3) Dysphagia: local pain after throat trauma causes difficulty in swallowing, wound infection, phlegm, edema, inflammation of surrounding muscles, swallowing pain, difficulty in swallowing, therefore, patients should be well resolved after trauma, especially after war wounds Nutritional issues.
(4) hoarseness: closed laryngeal trauma, injury to the vocal cords caused by swelling of the vocal cord mucosa, congestion or rupture, or injury to the larynx of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, or dislocation of the sacral cartilage.
(5) Subcutaneous emphysema: closed laryngotracheal injury, or laryngotracheal stab wound, small skin wound, not in the same plane as the laryngotracheal cartilage wound. When coughing or breathing, the air can enter the soft tissue of the neck to form subcutaneous emphysema. .
(6) Secondary infection: debridement is not complete, wound treatment is not timely, or saliva and food in the throat can enter the surrounding tissue through the injury, causing inflammatory infection, or being inhaled into the tracheobronchial, leading to severe aspiration pneumonia, serious infection Can cause cartilage necrosis, causing throat, trachea, esophageal stricture, therefore, thorough debridement, systemic and topical application of antibiotics to prevent infection is very important.
Examine
Examination of throat trauma
1, closed laryngeal trauma, neck skin with ecchymosis or hematoma, suffocation and sputum pronunciation under submovecular emphysema, throat tenderness, thyroid cartilage fracture collapse, larynx disappear or deform, sometimes licking bone fricative.
2, indirect laryngoscopy can be seen laryngeal mucosal hemorrhage, hematoma, vocal cord laceration, deformation of the larynx, dislocation of the sacral cartilage, vocal cord sputum, etc., open throat trauma can be seen in the neck skin wound, laryngotracheal cartilage fracture.
3, and X-ray photograph of the neck to observe whether there is a fracture of the laryngotracheal tube, if necessary, can also be used for fiber bronchoscopy or CT scan to help determine the extent of injury.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of throat trauma
Identification with throat burns and chemical injuries.
