head trauma
Introduction
Introduction to head trauma The scalp laceration is mostly caused by sharp or blunt instruments. The size of the rip is different, the depth is different, the wound edge is neat or irregular, sometimes accompanied by skin contusion or defect. Because the scalp is rich in blood vessels, it is not easy to close itself after rupture of the blood vessel, even if the wound is small. Bleeding is also more serious, and even shock occurs. Scalp laceration can be used to stop bleeding when first aided. Debride as soon as possible, remove foreign bodies in the wound, stop bleeding, pay attention to the presence or absence of skull fracture and meningeal injury after suturing the wound. For patients with scalp tissue defects, subcutaneous lysis or transfer flaps are used to repair. For wounds of 2 to 3 days after injury, it is also appropriate to debride, partially suture, and add drainage. When the scalp is torn off for the first time, the wound is covered with a sterile dressing, and the pressure bandage is used to stop bleeding. At the same time, the avulsed scalp is wrapped with sterile gauze for use, and the suture is debrided within 12 hours. If the scalp is ablated, the small blood vessels may be anastomosed, the scalp may be replanted, or the avulsed scalp may be replanted into a full or medium thickness skin. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.2% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: shock anemia
Cause
Cause of head trauma
Strike and collision (30%):
The blow is a moving foreign object that hurts the head. Different injuries can occur due to the speed and size of the wound. If the volume of the wound is large and slow, it often causes scalp contusion and hematoma. The large volume and high speed cause scalp contusion; small size and fast speed often cause small scalp laceration, often accompanied by penetrating brain damage. The collision is a moving head hitting a foreign object, which is common in car accidents, falls, and fall injuries. When rushing into a wide and flat foreign object, if the speed is slow, it often causes scalp contusion and hematoma. If the collision speed is fast, it often causes scalp laceration and concomitant scalp contusion and skull fracture. When it collides with a foreign object with a narrow shape and a sharp shape, it is easy to cause scalp laceration.
Cutting and stamping (30%):
It is caused by sharp objects acting on the scalp, which often causes scalp laceration with neat edges. Puncture is caused by sharp foreign objects acting on the head, often causing regular or irregular scalp laceration, and often accompanied by open craniocerebral trauma
Friction and involvement (30%):
Friction is caused by violent tangential action on the head, often causing scalp abrasions and contusions, and severe cases can cause partial scalp avulsion. The involvement is caused by the strong pulling force of the scalp, which is mainly seen in the female worker's hairpin being caught in the rotating wheel, which often becomes a severe avulsion of a large scalp or a full scalp. Squeeze is caused by the violence in the opposite direction acting on the head at the same time, which is common in floor squeezing and birth injury. In addition to causing scalp contusion and hematoma in the affected area, often combined with skull fracture or brain trauma.
Prevention
Head trauma prevention
Take care to prevent complications. As well as due to traumatic factors, paying attention to production and living safety is the key to preventing this disease. In the social production activities, through the harmonious operation of people, machines, materials, environment and methods, potential accident risks in the production process and The injury factor is always in an effective state of control, effectively protecting the lives and health of workers.
Complication
Head trauma complications Complications, shock anemia
May be complicated by shock, anemia, infection, etc.
Symptom
Head trauma symptoms common symptoms scalp laceration scalp avulsion injury scalp hematoma skin avulsion injury scalp hematoma scalp irregular scalp scalp straight rupture shock
Scalp laceration is often caused by sharp or blunt instruments. The size of the gap, the depth is different, the wound edge is neat or irregular, sometimes accompanied by skin contusion or defect, and the scalp avulsion is caused by the strong involvement of the scalp, such as the hair that is involved in the rotation of the machine, so that the scalp part or The whole piece is avulsed from the lower layer of the aponeurotic aponeurosis or under the periosteum, and the damage is heavy. Because the scalp is rich in blood vessels, it is not easy to close itself after the rupture of the blood vessel, even if the small bleeding of the wound is serious, and even shock occurs.
Examine
Head trauma examination
Routine physical examination: blood routine, urine routine, routine, biochemical, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and so on.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of head trauma
Identification of scalp hematoma with skull injury.
