Acidosis
Introduction
Introduction to strong acid poisoning Strong acids (such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, aqua regia (a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid), etc. (where sulfuric acid is the strongest, hydrochloric acid is the last), it has strong stimulation to skin and mucous membranes, and it is very effective. Both in contact with or inhaled by the respiratory tract can be poisoned. The corrosive effects of hydrofluoric acid, chromic acid, acetic acid, formic acid and oxalic acid are weaker than that of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, but the corrosion effect is also strong when the concentration is high. Strong acids are commonly used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and chemical reagents, and household commodities such as decontamination powders, polishes, and batteries also contain strong acids. Pediatric poisoning is mostly caused by misuse. Inhalation poisoning can occur when burning a battery. The disease is mainly caused by accidental accidents or inadvertent work. Therefore, protection should be strengthened in life or work. Workers should wear protective clothing and protective gloves when working. Experiments that need to be applied to strong acid in scientific research laboratories should maintain laboratory ventilation, and the experimenters should conduct experiments in strict accordance with the experimental operation. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.0001% - 0.0003% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: shock, throat, pulmonary edema, sudden death
Cause
Causes of strong acidosis
Strong acids mainly refer to sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, all of which have strong irritating and corrosive effects. Poisoning is caused by contact or inhalation or accidental contact during the production process. Local contact with the drug leads to local congestion, edema, necrosis and ulceration, and even perforation of the lumen of the lumen. Later, scars, stenosis and deformation are formed. As the drug inhales the blood circulation, it causes damage to the internal organs, and the liver and kidney are seriously damaged.
Prevention
Strong acid poisoning prevention
The disease is mainly caused by accidental accident or inadvertent work. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen protection during life or work. Do not simply misunderstand it as "acidic alkaline neutralization" and use therapeutic measures, such as taking sodium bicarbonate. Lead to gastric perforation, etc., surgical indications should be early surgery, if the family has such items to be strictly kept to prevent misuse and accidents.
Complication
Strong acid poisoning complications Complications, sore throat, pulmonary edema, sudden death
Can cause snoring and even suffocation due to edema of the throat, severe pain and shock, but also due to acid absorption, causing severe acidosis, liver and kidney damage, often after the cure, there are sequelae such as esophagus and pyloric stenosis.
Inhalation of poisoning can lead to throat, bronchospasm, difficulty breathing, cyanosis, asphyxia pneumonia and pulmonary edema; inhalation of high concentrations of strong acid fumes, respiratory center can be "electric shock" due to reflex inhibition.
The eyes are splashed with strong acid, which can cause blindness.
Symptom
Symptoms of strong acidosis Common symptoms Shock convulsions Blood pressure drops hoarseness pyloric stenosis dyspnea Urinary closed chest tightness coma cough
After swallowing strong acid, blistering, ulceration and burning pain occur in the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract, and there are symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea. The vomit is sour and contains blood and mucous fragments. Laryngeal fistula or edema, can cause hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, suffocation, etc., severe cases can occur shock and gastric perforation, after oral absorption of a large amount of strong acid, often severe acidosis, dyspnea, convulsions, coma, etc., some patients have Liver, kidney damage, and even liver necrosis, uremia, nitric acid poisoning in addition to the above symptoms, can also lead to methemoglobinemia, and blood pressure drop and myocardial damage; children due to misuse of oxalic acid and oxalate poisoning, Causes hypocalcemia and hand and foot spasm. If the renal tubule is blocked by crystals such as calcium oxalate, it can cause urinary closure. After acidosis, most of the esophagus and pyloric stenosis occur when recovery.
Inhalation poisoning mainly manifests as respiratory irritation symptoms, such as cough, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, bruising, coughing and hemorrhagic foam, while blood pressure drops, body temperature rises, and even throat and suffocation die.
Skin contact can cause local burns, pain, redness, necrosis and ulcers, etc., and large-area exposure can have systemic symptoms.
Examine
Inspection of strong acid poisoning
The corresponding poison can be detected in the vomit or washing solution after poisoning. There may be protein red blood cells, white blood cells and casts in the urine.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of strong acid poisoning
diagnosis
After a large amount of strong acid is absorbed, severe acidosis often occurs, and dyspnea, convulsions, and coma occur. Skin contact can cause local burns, pain, redness, necrosis and ulcers, etc., and large-area exposure can have systemic symptoms. Combined with clinical diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
Different from potassium permanganate poisoning, potassium permanganate poisoning is manifested as oral, lip, tongue, throat and esophageal edema, leading to speech, swallowing and breathing difficulties, and even causing asphyxia; gastrointestinal bleeding and necrosis can also occur Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and even symptoms of perforation of the digestive tract and peritonitis.
