temporal bone fracture

• Introduction
• Cause
• Prevention
• Complication
• Symptom
• Examine
• Diagnosis

Introduction

Introduction to tibia fracture The humerus is located on both sides of the skull and extends to the base of the skull. It participates in the lateral part of the skull base and the cranial cavity. The shape is irregular. The outer ear can be divided into three parts: the scale, the drum and the rock. The surrounding and the parietal, occipital and sphenoid bones. Docked. It consists of scales, drums, mastoids, rock parts and styloid processes. The fracture of the tibia is part of the skull base fracture. The fracture of the rock is the most common in the rock, scale and mastoid. The reason is that the rock contains various pores. The pipeline and the air chamber are relatively fragile, so the skull base fracture is 1/3. This happened. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.09% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: cerebrospinal fluid leakage, facial paralysis, tinnitus, dizziness, nystagmus, nausea and vomiting

Cause

Cause of humeral fracture

The disease is caused by traumatic factors, often caused by car accidents, impact on the occipital occiput, falling, etc. It is part of the head trauma and may be accompanied by different degrees of intracranial or thoracic, abdominal and other tissue and organ damage.

Prevention

Prevention of tibia fracture

The disease is caused by traumatic factors, no special precautionary measures, the key is to pay attention to production and life safety, prevention of head trauma, due to more complications of this disease, it is more important in clinical prevention to prevent complications, Pay attention to whether the patient has hearing loss and brain injury performance, timely diagnosis and treatment, and minimize the possible damage.

Complication

Coma bone fracture complications Complications Cerebrospinal fluid leakage, tinnitus, vertigo, nystagmus, nausea and vomiting

The disease can cause ear bleeding, external ear canal injury, tympanic membrane rupture, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, facial paralysis, hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, nystagmus, nausea and vomiting, etc., but often complicated by closed or open traumatic brain injury, the symptoms are complex, concurrent The symptoms vary, and the prognosis varies according to the extent of the fracture. The prognosis of the longitudinal fracture is better.

Symptom

Symptoms of humeral fractures Common symptoms Deafness meningitis, ear leaks, ptosis, diplopia, nausea

(1) Longitudinal fractures: often have small bone dislocation or fracture, tympanic injury, tympanic membrane is not broken, blood is accumulated in the tympanic membrane, the tympanic membrane is blue, blood can be carried in saliva, and when the tympanic membrane is ruptured, blood flows out from the outer passage, such as Cerebral rupture, there are cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, long-term cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea can cause meningitis, middle ear damage can occur in the transmission of deafness, a small number of facial nerve involvement, facial paralysis and tongue 2 / 3 taste loss, facial paralysis is mostly temporary.

(2) transverse fractures: the inner ear is heavier, the hemorrhage in the cochlea and semicircular canal often has heavier vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and may have dumping and spontaneous nystagmus. It can last for several weeks, waiting for the contralateral side. After the compensation, the symptoms disappeared, the vestibular function test, the affected side function was lost, the hearing was sentimental deafness, and the middle ear was less. Occasionally, the inner wall of the middle ear was also shattered, resulting in rupture of the stencil membrane. About half of the blood is complicated, and it is permanent.

(3) Rock tip fractures: rare, can damage and II, III, IV, V, VI and other cranial nerves, amblyopia, ptosis, cleft palate, pupil dilation, diplopia, strabismus, restricted eye movement Such as eye symptoms, or symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia, such as damage to the internal carotid artery can cause major bleeding, and more than rescue and death.

Therefore, any hearing loss after head trauma, tympanic membrane rupture or tympanic blood, or dizziness, or facial paralysis caused by damage to the middle ear and inner ear, can diagnose the fracture of the tibia, X-ray film can show the fracture line, Lateral fractures are easier to show. When no fractures are found on the X-ray, the fractures of the tibia can not be ruled out.

Examine

Examination of the fracture of the tibia

High resolution CT examination:

1 longitudinal fracture: the most common, accounting for 70% to 80%, CT fracture line parallel to the long axis of the rock cone, because the fracture is mostly located in front of the bone labyrinth, does not penetrate the bone labyrinth, so there is often no inner ear injury, and the main damage The structure of the ear can be combined with the dislocation of the small bone, the fracture and the damage of the facial nerve canal. The chance of facial paralysis in this type of fracture is about 15% to 20%, and the facial nerve injury site is mostly in the distal part of the genic ganglion.

2 transverse fracture: the fracture line is perpendicular to the rock cone, accounting for about 10% to 20%. This type of fracture is easy to affect the structure of the inner ear, which can damage the middle ear. At this time, the fracture line can be seen through the inner ear canal, cochlea, vestibular or semicircular canal, and Often involving the facial nerve canal, about 50% of the transverse fractures can occur facial paralysis;

3 mixed fractures: refers to composite fractures with both longitudinal and transverse fractures.

In addition, the fractures on the CT are neither longitudinal nor transverse, or may be confined to a certain part of the rock cone. Therefore, they cannot be included in the above three types. Because the facial nerve structure cannot be directly identified on the CT image, The recognition of the facial nerve can only be identified by the adjacent structure and the facial nerve canal in the inner part of the facial nerve. The tympanic cavity and the mastoid air can cause blood pressure in the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air chamber. In a few cases, the fracture is slight or the position is scanned. The impact of CT, can not clearly show the fracture line, the consolidation of the tympanic and mastoid air chamber is the only indirect sign of the tibia fracture.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis and diagnosis of tibia fracture

The key to the identification of this disease is the differential diagnosis of different fracture modes. The differential diagnosis of longitudinal fractures and transverse fractures is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Differential diagnosis table for fractures of the humerus

In addition, X-ray or CT scan is also helpful in the diagnosis of the above two types of fractures: if it is a longitudinal fracture, there may be a fracture in the squamous or mastoid. If it is a transverse fracture, 50% of the injured can see the fracture in the tibia. Rock department.