Ankle Sprain
Introduction
Introduction to ankle sprain Under the action of external force, when the joint suddenly moves to one side and exceeds its normal activity, it causes laceration of soft tissues around the joint such as joint capsule, ligament, tendon, etc., called joint sprain. In the light, only some of the ligament fibers are torn, and the severe ligaments can completely break the ligaments and the bones at the attachment of the ligaments and joint capsules, and even joint dislocation occurs. Joint sprains are most common everyday, with the most ankles, followed by the knees and wrists. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.12% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Traumatic arthritis
Cause
Ankle sprain
Direct violence (30%):
Violence directly affects a part of the bone and causes fractures in the part, causing fractures in the injured area, often with varying degrees of soft tissue damage. If the wheel hits the calf, a fracture of the humerus shaft occurs at the impact.
Indirect violence (30%):
Indirect violence occurs by longitudinal conduction, leverage or torsion. When the foot falls from a height, the trunk flexes forward rapidly due to gravity, and the vertebral body at the junction of the thoracolumbar spine is compressed or Burst fracture.
Accumulated strain (30%):
Long-term, repeated, mild direct or indirect injury can cause a specific part of the limb to fracture, also known as fatigue fracture, such as long-distance walking, the second and third metatarsal and the lower third of the humerus fracture.
Prevention
Ankle sprain prevention
The disease is mainly caused by traumatic factors. Attention should be paid to the safety of production and life, especially before the activity, and the injured patients should pay attention to the conditioning of the patients:
(1) If the ankle sprain is serious, the patient should take a X-ray examination to eliminate the fracture and dislocation. If the fracture is found, please consult the doctor immediately.
(2) In the acute phase of ankle sprain, the technique should be gentle and gentle, so as not to aggravate the injurious bleeding, and do not apply heat.
(3) During the recovery period, the technique can be appropriately aggravated, and at the same time, it can be combined with local hot compress, or the traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and collaterals can often receive satisfactory results.
(4) Pay attention to the part of the damage that should be cold and warm.
(5) In the early stage of sprain, the heavier one should be braked, and should be properly fixed according to the condition. After 1 to 2 weeks, the fixation should be lifted and functional exercise should be performed.
Complication
Ankle sprain complication Complications, traumatic arthritis
If the disease is improperly treated in the early stage, the ligament is excessively loose, which may cause instability of the ankle joint, easy to cause repeated sprains, even joint cartilage damage, traumatic arthritis, severely affecting walking function, and the sequelae caused by improper prevention and treatment of ankle sprain The following are the following:
1. Insufficient muscle strength and decreased exercise capacity.
2. The active area of the ankle joint is lowered.
3, long-term pain and swelling of the foot and ankle.
4, the ankle joint is unstable, walking is not stable, prone to habitual ankle injury.
Symptom
Ankle sprain symptoms Common symptoms Joint sprain and ankle edema Ankle pain Pain in front and under swell and pain Ankle flexion contracture deformity Single leg half aching pain Avulsion fracture
Patients with ankle sprains may have different clinical manifestations depending on the location of the injury:
1. Lateral ligament injury:
Due to the strong inversion of the foot, the lateral malleolus is weaker than the medial malleolus and the lateral ligament is weak, which makes the foot varus activity more common. The lateral superior ligament injury is more common, and the lateral ligament is partially torn. It is more common, and its clinical manifestation is . Lateral pain, swelling, walking and walking; sometimes visible subcutaneous blood stasis; tenderness in the lateral ligament; inversion of the foot, causing pain in the lateral ligament, the lateral ligament is completely broken: less common, local symptoms are more obvious, due to loss of the lateral The control of ligaments can cause abnormal varus activity. Sometimes there is a small piece of bone with avulsion of the ligament, called avulsion fracture. When the varus is taken, the inclination of the ankle joint surface is far more than 5~10°. In the normal range, the joint space of the injured side is widened.
2. Medial ligament injury:
Caused by strong foot eversion of the foot, the occurrence is less, the clinical manifestations are similar to the lateral ligament injury, but the position and direction are opposite, showing pain in the medial ligament, swelling, tenderness, foot valgus, causing pain in the medial ligament, also There may be avulsion fractures.
Examine
Ankle sprain
The examination of this disease is mainly to carry out detailed physical examination:
Pay attention to the pain, the position of the tender point, the degree of swelling, the deformity of the joint, and the upper end of the ankle should be pushed backwards with one hand while the other hand is holding the heel forward to check whether the range of motion becomes larger. Compared with the uninjured side, if it is only a mild sprain, it can continue to apply ice and apply pressure compression to raise the affected limb. If it is a serious sprain, it should be sent to the hospital for treatment. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the knee joint. Except for the possibility of rotatory injury of the tibia and knee ligament injury that is closest to the ankle joint.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of ankle sprain
The disease has a significant history of trauma, and the results of the examination can be confirmed at the time of diagnosis. There is no need to identify it, but the knee joint should be checked during the diagnosis to exclude the possibility of rotational injury of the humerus and knee ligament injury closest to the ankle joint.
