Bone tumor
Introduction
Introduction to bone tumor A bone tumor is a tumor that occurs in bones or its affiliated tissues (blood vessels, nerves, bone marrow, etc.) and is a common disease. Like other tissues in the body, the exact cause is unknown; bone tumors are benign, malignant, benign bone tumors are easy to cure, prognosis is good, malignant bone tumors develop rapidly, prognosis is poor, and mortality is high. There are still no satisfactory treatments to date. Malignant bone tumors can be primary or secondary, from the malignant tumors of other tissues or organs in the body through the blood circulation, the lymphatic system to the bones or directly invade the bones. There is also a type of lesion called tumor-like lesions. The tumor-like lesions do not have the characteristics of tumor cell morphology, but their ecology and behavior are tumor-destroying, generally limited, and easy to cure. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.0004% - 0.0005% Susceptible people: good for young men and women Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: anemia
Cause
Bone tumor cause
Injury (35%)
The etiology of bone tumors has not yet been known. In the past, acute and chronic stimuli such as chronic mild injury and chronic infection were thought to cause bone cells and surrounding tissues to proliferate and induce bone tumors.
Virus and physical and chemical factors (15%)
In recent years, experimental studies such as Fujinaga have used Harvey and Moloney's sarcoma virus to make a large number of rat osteosarcoma models. Finkel has used different types of isotopes and viruses to make osteosarcoma animal models, and some people use radioactive substances such as radium and thorium. An animal model of osteosarcoma. These pathogenic factors have been confirmed by many scholars.
Other factors (10%)
The age of onset of bone tumors is 15 to 24 years old for males and 5 to 14 years for females. It may be related to the growth and endocrine development of different sex bones in the morning and evening and the length of time.
Prevention
Bone tumor prevention
First, life prevention and conditioning
1. Strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, improve resistance to disease, enhance immune function, and prevent viral infection.
2. Reduce and avoid radioactive radiation, especially during adolescent bone development.
3. Avoid trauma, especially in the long bones of adolescent development.
Second, diet prevention and conditioning: change bad habits, eat less or not eat sauerkraut with high nitrite concentration, salted fish, etc., eat less roasting and fried foods with high benzopyrene content, eat less with less food Yellow mold, mildew, fermented food.
Third, mental conditioning: to maintain a cheerful personality, a comfortable mood, not angry when things happen.
Complication
Bone tumor complications Complications anemia
In the later stage, anemia and dyscrasia occur, and it is possible to find metastatic lesions at which it occurs. Among them, lung metastasis is the most common.
Symptom
Symptoms of bone tumor common symptoms sternal tenderness bone destruction skin temperature increase lung metastasis multiple rib fracture
Benign bone tumors grow slowly with little or no pain. Malignant tumors develop invasive growth, develop rapidly, and appear pain early and progressively worse. Anemia and dyscrasia occur in the later stage, and multiple metastatic lesions can occur, of which lung metastases are most common.
(A) Pain: It is a major symptom of bone tumors.
(B) lumps: often manifested in abnormal uplift of the limbs or trunk.
(3) Age distribution: There are two age peaks in the population due to malignant tumor deaths. One is 15 to 20 years old and the other is 30 to 75 years old.
(4) Location characteristics: Some bone tumors have specific specific sites.
Examine
Bone tumor examination
1. X-ray examination: It can provide valuable information for defining the nature, type, scope and decision-making policy of bone tumor, and is an important examination method for bone tumors.
2. Tumors that occur in the pelvis, spine, etc., when ordinary X-ray films are not well displayed, CT imaging, B-ultrasound, MRI, ECT and other new imaging techniques can help identify the location and extent of the tumor.
3. Isotope bone scan: It can display the primary and secondary bone tumors when the normal X-ray has not been positively changed. The suspicious person should be selectively scanned for 99.
4. Histological examination: The completion of the final diagnosis of bone tumors depends on histological examination, usually a regular biopsy to obtain tissue specimens.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of bone tumor
diagnosis
The diagnosis of most bone tumors is complicated, and sometimes there are certain difficulties, because different bone tumors can have similar performance, benign bone tumors can be malignant; some bone tumor histological examination shows differentiation benign, but clinically it is highly malignant. Lung metastases often occur early. There are also clinical features of some lesions, X-ray or pathological findings similar to bone tumors. In general, the diagnosis of bone tumors must emphasize clinical, X-ray findings and pathological combination, comprehensive analysis, in order to make a correct diagnosis. In the diagnosis process, you should pay attention to distinguish between several problems:
1 bone tumor and non-bone tumor disease.
2 benign bone tumors and malignant bone tumors.
3 primary bone tumors and metastatic bone tumors.
Differential diagnosis
The diagnosis of bone tumors is relatively easy. A preliminary diagnosis can be made by clinical examination alone, such as superficial, osteoma or osteochondroma, and some have characteristics on x-ray films, which can be based on typical x-rays. See initial impressions such as sclerosing osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, etc.; some must be combined with clinical, x-ray and pathology, comprehensive analysis, in order to make a correct diagnosis. Therefore, clinical, x-ray and pathology are considered to be three important steps in the diagnosis of bone tumors, sometimes indispensable. Especially before considering the operation of cutting off the limbs, it is generally necessary to go through the above three aspects of the examination to confirm the diagnosis. In the differential diagnosis, the disease should first be differentiated from inflammation.
The main points of identification are as follows:
(1) Systemic response: patients with acute inflammation often have elevated body temperature and increased white blood cell count. Patients with benign bone tumors have normal body temperature and normal blood. Some malignant bone tumors, such as undifferentiated reticulocyte sarcoma or rapidly growing malignant tumors, also have elevated body temperature and increased white blood cell count. Patients with acute and chronic inflammation and bone tuberculosis have increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate of benign bone tumors is normal. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate of patients with malignant bone tumors often increases.
(II) Development process: After the inflammation develops to a certain extent or after anti-inflammatory treatment, it gradually subsides. Some benign bone tumors can stop developing after developing to a certain extent, and malignant bone tumors continue to develop and destroy, and those who stop or disappear by themselves Extremely rare.
(3) Local palpation: Inflammation often produces abscesses, which are generally soft and fluctuating. Bone tumors are generally harder or tougher, and they have a physical sense of touch. The border is more clear, and the bottom of the tomb is more likely to stick to the bone and cannot move. However, some malignant tumors with abundant blood vessels or bleeding may also have a sense of fluctuation.
(D) puncture: pust puncture can absorb pus, pus culture or smear staining can sometimes detect pyogenic bacteria. Tumor puncture can only suck out blood, and puncture with a thick needle can sometimes suck out tumor tissue fragments.
