osteochondroma
Introduction
Introduction to osteochondroma Osteochondroma, also known as exostosis, is the most common benign bone tumor in childhood. The tumor is usually located on one side of the metaphysis of the metaphysis, and growth to the surface of the bone can be divided into single and multiple osteochondroma. The latter has a genetic predisposition and affects the development of the epiphysis or the development of limb malformations, known as multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis, or continuation of the backbone. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.006% - 0.009% Susceptible people: good in childhood Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: osteosarcoma
Cause
Osteochondroma etiology
The cause of the disease is not fully understood.
(1) due to congenital plaque defects;
(2) due to the misplacement of the epiphyseal plate;
(3) The residual immature cells or metaplastic chondrocytes from the inner layer of the periosteum gradually grow to form osteophytes;
(4) due to incomplete periosteal growth, can not restrain the proliferation of cartilage, causing abnormal formation of cartilage;
(5) Due to the ability of the bones to lose co-formation during the long process, the cognac is widened and continuously proliferated to form osteophytes. In recent years, it has been suggested that this disease is related to the metabolic disorder of acid mucopolysaccharides, Solomon [9] It was found that the amount of acid mucopolysaccharide excreted in the urine of children with multiple osteochondroma disease increased, but the excretion of adult patients was normal. He believed that the increase in excretion of children was due to the large amount of cartilage in the body. With the increase of age, the osteochondroma is mature, the cartilage component is reduced, and the excretion of acid mucopolysaccharide is bound to decrease.
Prevention
Osteochondroma prevention
1. Avoid harmful substances (promoting factors) that can help us avoid or minimize exposure to harmful substances.
2. Improve the body's immunity against tumors can help improve and strengthen the body's immune system and cancer.
The focus of our current cancer prevention efforts should first focus on and improve those factors that are closely related to our lives, such as smoking cessation, proper diet, regular exercise, and weight loss. Anyone who follows these simple and reasonable lifestyles can reduce their chances of developing cancer.
The most important thing to improve the function of the immune system is: diet, exercise and control troubles, healthy lifestyle choices can help us stay away from cancer. Maintaining a good emotional state and proper physical exercise can make the body's immune system in an optimal state, and it is also good for preventing tumors and preventing other diseases. Other studies have shown that proper activity health search not only enhances the human immune system, but also increases The human intestinal system squirms and reduces the incidence of colon cancer. Here we mainly understand some of the problems of diet in preventing tumorigenesis.
Complication
Osteochondroma complications Complications osteosarcoma
Often caused by skeletal development disorders, often resulting in long bones of the limbs shortened or bent deformed, short stature.
Osteochondroma can be malignant, often into osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and other malignant bone tumors.
Symptom
Osteochondroma symptoms Common symptoms Bone lumps cartilage dysplasia with... Bone surface protruding outward
Osteochondroma is often asymptomatic for a long time. It is treated because of inadvertent or bathing from the body surface to the bony mass. It is also because the tumor compresses the surrounding tissue to cause pain. Occasionally, osteochondroma can also cause pain caused by fracture. The typical X-ray manifestations of osteochondroma are "cortical bone connection, medullary cavity communication", that is, one or more bony prominences appear at the normal iliac crest, and the cortex is continuous with the cortex of the surrounding normal bone, and the bony prominence The medullary cavity communicates with the medullary cavity of the surrounding normal bone.
1. Good for teenagers. Occurs in the long bones of the extremities, most commonly in the lower end of the femur and the upper end of the tibia, accounting for about 50%. Occurred in the spinal canal to the spinal canal can cause paraplegia.
2. The mass around the joint is often the first symptom, usually asymptomatic. Pain occurs when the larger tumor compresses nearby tendons, blood vessels, and nerves.
3. Multiple sexually transmitted diseases, short stature, severe deformities may have joint dysfunction.
4. In the posterior margin of the vertebral body or the attachment site and grow into the spinal canal, there may be symptoms of spinal cord or cauda equina compression.
5. X-ray film shows pedicled, staghorn or mound-like bony bulge at the distal end of the long tube, and some tumors have scattered calcifications on the surface. When the tumor grows rapidly and there is a lot of cotton-like calcification, it suggests the possibility of malignant transformation.
Examine
Examination of osteochondroma
1. The tumor is small, generally only for X-ray film to help diagnose;
2. For the surgical patients, in addition to the basic examination, consider optional examinations and special needs examinations;
3. The osteochondroma of the spine has neurological compression symptoms, and CT or MRI can be selected.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of osteochondroma
1. X-ray performance: it is an outward bony prominence attached to the metaphysis. The growth direction is consistent with the direction of muscle traction. It is connected with the affected cortical bone and cancellous bone. The cartilage cap is not developed, and there are long pedicle type and broad base type. . Multiple osteochondroma showed thickening of the metaphysis, thinning of the cortex, and different tumor shapes.
2. Radionuclide scanning: The radionuclide is concentrated at the junction of the bony part of the osteochondroma and the cartilage cap. When there is malignant transformation, the radionuclide intake of the lesion will suddenly increase.
3. CT examination: It can clearly show that the tumor is connected with the affected cortical bone and cancellous bone. The cartilage cap is soft tissue density, and sometimes irregular calcification and ossification can be seen.
4. MRI examination: the signal of the bony part is the same as that of the adjacent metaphyseal cancellous bone. The cartilage cap has a low signal on the T1-weighted image and a high signal on the T2-weighted image. MRI examination can determine the thickness of the cartilage cap, such as more than 25mm should consider the possibility of malignant transformation.
