congenital hydrocephalus
Introduction
Introduction to congenital hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus due to congenital dysplasia of brain tissue is called congenital hydrocephalus. The cause of hydrocephalus may be an imbalance between the secretion and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid, that is, excessive or malabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid. Common causes are intracranial hemorrhage after birth trauma and suppurative, tuberculous or other types of meningitis in neonates or infancy. In addition, there are also congenital malformations and tumors. Early on has no effect on intelligence, late cases may appear sluggish expression, mental retardation, vision loss, limb paralysis. In the end, many people died due to malnutrition and complications such as hemorrhoids and respiratory infections. There are also a few cases where the condition will relieve or stop development. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002%-0.005% Susceptible people: more common in young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications:
Cause
Congenital hydrocephalus
Genetic and environmental factors (35%):
The etiology of hydrocephalus is complicated, so far it is not very clear, but according to its epidemiological distribution characteristics and genetic characteristics, it suggests that the disease is a multifactorial disease caused by genetic factors and environmental factors. In addition to genetic factors, hydrocephalus in the hydrocephalus has been increasingly valued since the 1960s for viruses (rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, etc.) and toxoplasma infections in environmental factors. Infection is mild to the symptoms caused by the pregnant woman itself, but has a great influence on the development of the embryo, which can lead to fetal abortion, stillbirth, stillbirth and a variety of serious congenital malformations, in which Toxoplasma infection can cause fetal development. The narrow water of the hydrocephalus was teratogenic, and the intrauterine infection of Toxoplasma caused 4 cases of fetal hydrocephalus. The trophozoites and pseudocysts of Toxoplasma gondii were found in the cerebrospinal fluid smear of the child.
Bleeding and tumors (15%):
Fibrosis caused by intracranial hemorrhage can cause hydrocephalus, and malabsorption of intracranial hemorrhage after birth injury is also a common cause of neonatal hydrocephalus. Intracranial tumors can block any part of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation, more common in the vicinity of the fourth ventricle.
Other factors (15%):
The causes are various, with congenital malformations such as midbrain aqueduct stenosis and occlusion, cerebellar tonsillar sac and fourth ventricle mesalgia or lateral hole atresia as the main cause.
Prevention
Congenital hydrocephalus prevention
First, experts suggest that the occurrence of congenital hydrocephalus is related to the lack or excess of certain vitamins in the fetal period. In addition, it is related to the genetic factors of the parents. Therefore, proper and correct diet regulation, non-close relatives marriage can reduce the incidence of the disease. rate.
Second, strengthen early prenatal diagnosis and early termination of pregnancy to prevent the birth of hydrocephalus.
Third, publicize eugenics knowledge and reduce parity.
Fourth, promote the appropriate age to give birth.
Fifth, strengthen eugenics education and improve the cultural quality of the population.
Sixth, safe production, beware of suffocation, birth injury.
Complication
Congenital hydrocephalus complications Complications
1, brain degeneration, brain development disorders, central limb spasm, especially the lower limbs are heavy, often have intellectual changes and developmental disorders.
2, optic nerve pressure atrophy, can cause blindness.
3, often complicated by other parts of the body deformity.
Symptom
Symptoms of congenital hydrocephalus Common symptoms Skull enlargement Increased intracranial pressure Increased sulcal widening Hydrocephalus Eye tremor Side ventricle widening Convulsion
1, the head of the progressive abnormal increase, more than a few weeks or months after birth, also appeared gradually after 1 and a half years. The head is enlarged and the face is relatively small, the scalp superficial veins are swelled, the cardia is enlarged, the cranial suture is opened, and the percussion is "broken sound".
2, neurological damage: double eyeball can not be a "sunset sign", mental retardation, limbs can be sputum.
3, increased intracranial pressure performance: repeated vomiting, scratching head, crying and even lethargy.
Examine
Examination of congenital hydrocephalus
1, the infant's head abnormally increased, the front sputum full ridge, repeated vomiting, crying, head sputum diagnosis is "broken sound", double eyeballs are "sunset sign".
2, the skull X-ray photo shows that the cranial cavity is enlarged, the skull is thin, the cranial suture is widened, and the cardia is enlarged.
3, brain ultrasound examination showed bilateral ventricle symmetry expansion.
4, head CT or MRI examination can see the extent of ventricular enlargement and the thickness of the measurable cortex, to understand the location of the obstruction and the cause of hydrocephalus.
5. Some basic examinations may be used repeatedly during the treatment.
Prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus is an important way to prevent the birth of hydrocephalus. Because of the obvious hydrocephalus, it can be detected by B-ultrasound in 12-18 weeks of pregnancy, so it is necessary to strengthen the prenatal diagnosis of B-ultrasound. The application of early termination of pregnancy to prevent the birth of hydrocephalus and reduce the birth rate of congenital hydrocephalus.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus
According to the clinical typical symptoms such as the enlargement of the head of the infant, the general diagnosis is not difficult. At the time of examination, the size of the skull was measured regularly for the early suspicious children, including the circumference, anteroposterior diameter and interaural diameter. Normal newborn head circumference is 33 ~ 35cm. The posterior iliac crest is closed 6 weeks after birth, and the anterior iliac crest is closed between 9 and 18 months. These data can be used as a reference.
The disease should be differentiated from infants with subdural hematoma or effusion, intracranial tumors, and rickets.
