post-traumatic intracranial gas
Introduction
Introduction to intracranial gas accumulation after trauma Intracranial gas accumulation after trauma, also known as traumatic gas skull, almost caused by skull base fracture involving the paranasal sinus or mastoid air chamber, it often combined with cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Intracranial gas accumulation after trauma often combined with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, such as continuous increase in intracranial pressure is likely to cause cerebral palsy. Because you need to adjust your daily life and workload during your care, you should regularly exercise and exercise to avoid fatigue. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: cerebrospinal fluid leakage cerebral palsy
Cause
Causes of intracranial gas accumulation after trauma
(1) Causes of the disease
Intracranial gas accumulation after trauma is almost caused by gas entering the skull from the paranasal sinus or mastoid air chamber during open skull base fracture. Gas can accumulate in the epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral Or intraventricular, mostly unilateral gas, often accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or ear leaks, the most common site is the forehead ethmoid fracture caused by the subdural accumulation of gas or local intracranial balloon swelling, followed by post-screening Sinus or sphenoid sinus fracture, and can be seen in other open brain injury, the gas directly enters the skull from the injury, forming a subdural, intracerebral and intraventricular gas accumulation, also seen after the brain injury surgery, row The gas is not complete and forms a surgical cavity, subdural and epidural gas accumulation.
(two) pathogenesis
The mechanism of air in the cranium is related to the sudden increase of gas pressure in the damaged sinus cavity. For example, when blowing nose, coughing or sneezing, the air can be forced into the cranium, but sometimes it can also be caused by low intracranial pressure. The influence of liquid dynamics can inhale air into the brain when the patient changes position. In addition, in the case of open head injury or firearm penetrating injury, the air can be directly brought into the cranium to form the subdural, intracerebral And intraventricular gas accumulation, usually a small amount of gas in the skull, clinically no signs of increased intracranial pressure, mainly manifested only nausea, vomiting, headache and sweating and other irritation, if accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection There may be symptoms of meningitis, sometimes causing the cleft of the gas skull to have a one-way valve. The intracranial gas volume is continuously increased to form a tension gas cranium. Clinically, there is an increase in intracranial pressure and brain compression. In severe cases, Causes cerebral palsy.
Prevention
Prevention of intracranial gas accumulation after trauma
The disease is a traumatic disease, pay attention to safety, drive carefully, keep the home environment bright, walk carefully, watch children and avoid trauma.
For open brain injury or firearm penetrating trauma accompanied by intracranial gas accumulation, it should be thoroughly debrided, emptying the gas, properly repairing the dura mater and preventing the formation of intracranial gas.
Complication
Complications of intracranial gas accumulation after trauma Complications cerebrospinal fluid cerebral palsy
Often combined with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, such as continuous increase in intracranial pressure is likely to cause cerebral palsy.
Symptom
Symptoms of intracranial gas accumulation after trauma Common symptoms Ear leaks, abnormal sweating, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral palsy, nausea, cerebrospinal fluid, rhinorrhea
1. The clinical manifestations of the injury itself are cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or ear leaks.
2. Meninges, brain irritation mainly manifested as nausea, vomiting, headache, sweating, and a small amount of intracranial gas.
3. Tension gas cranial manifestations of headache, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, a large amount of gas accumulation in the brain, brain compression can occur focal neurological symptoms and signs, severe cerebral palsy.
Examine
Examination of intracranial gas accumulation after trauma
The early stage of gas craniotomy is more likely to be missed. The diagnosis is mainly based on X-ray photograph or CT scan. The gas in the cranial cavity is visible. A small amount of gas is scattered in the subarachnoid space of the frontal sac, and a large amount of gas is often at the top of the frontotemporal, especially the amount. For the Ministry of Health, in severe cases, a large amount of gas is accumulated in the double forehead, and it is like a mountain ridge on the CT scan section.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of intracranial gas after trauma
The early stage of gas craniotomy is more likely to be missed. The diagnosis is mainly based on X-ray photograph or CT scan. When the cerebrospinal fluid leaks, the patient has headache, nausea, vomiting and prolonged unhealed, especially when the tension is accumulated, the X-ray or CT scan should be performed in time. Can be diagnosed.
