scalp hematoma
Introduction
Introduction to scalp hematoma The scalp hematoma is mostly caused by blunt trauma and scalp. Generally, the smaller scalp hematoma does not require special treatment, and it can absorb itself after about 1 to 2 weeks. Large hematoma often requires puncture and local compression and dressing, which can be cured by one or several treatments. Puncture treatment is not effective, when the hematoma does not disappear or continue to increase, it can be cut open to remove the hematoma and stop bleeding. For subperiosteal hematoma with skull fractures, attention should be paid to the possibility of intracranial hematoma. All infected hematomas need to be cut open. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02--0.06%, more common in head trauma Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: shock anemia
Cause
Cause of scalp hematoma
Cause:
The scalp hematoma is mostly caused by blunt trauma and scalp. The scalp is usually divided into five layers, from the outside to the inside, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, cap-shaped diaphragm, subconjunctival layer and periosteum. The hematoma formed by rupture of the scalp after head trauma is usually divided into subcutaneous cutaneous hematoma, subarachnoid hematoma and subperiosteal hematoma. Generally, it is mainly seen in the symptoms caused by trauma.
Prevention
Scalp hematoma prevention
Prevent baby scalp hematoma
1. Don't climb to high places or other dangerous places. Parents should educate their children not to look down from the windows or balcony railings of buildings, and it is dangerous to find out.
2. Don't run in places that are easy to slip. If there is water or unevenness, it is easy to slip, so be careful.
3. Don't run on the stairs. At present, most of the residents live in buildings, so the number of cases of head and face injuries caused by falling down on stairs has increased year by year. This requires parents to pay attention to children when going up and down the stairs, pay more attention to walking at night, and never run on the stairs.
4, the mouth contains things not to run. Some children like to put pencils, chopsticks, spoons and wooden sticks after eating popsicles in the mouth, running and playing with other children, which is extremely dangerous. A little careless, these things will puncture the throat and other parts.
5. Don't run in the dark or where the line of sight is unknown. Especially in places with many slopes and corners, it is prone to bruises and falls. When a facial injury occurs, it is easy to cause a broken nose.
Complication
Scalp hematoma complications Complications, shock anemia
1. For subperiosteal hematoma with skull fracture, attention should be paid to the possibility of intracranial hematoma.
2. The subarachnoid hematoma can spread to the entire head due to the loose tissue of the layer. Children and infirm can cause shock or anemia.
Symptom
Symptoms of scalp hematoma Common symptoms Subcutaneous hematoma Soft tissue swelling
According to the specific level of hematoma appearing in the scalp, it can be divided into subcutaneous hematoma, subarachnoid hematoma and subperiosteal hematoma.
1. Subcutaneous hematoma: Because the connection between the subcutaneous tissue and the skin layer and the aponeurotic layer is tight, the hematoma in this layer is not easy to spread and the scope is limited. The soft tissue around the hematoma is swollen, and there is a sense of depression and tenderness. It is easy to be confused with the sag fracture, and sometimes it needs to be confirmed by cranial X-ray examination.
2. Capular subdural hematoma: caused by rupture of small arteries or blood vessels in the layer, the lower layer of the aponeurotic aponeurosis is loose, and the hematoma easily spreads and even spreads to the entire lower layer of the aponeurotic aponeurosis. The blood content can be as many as several hundred milliliters. Low tension and light pain.
3. Subperiosteal hematoma: Hemorrhage originates from platelet hemorrhage or periosteal stripping, and the scope is limited to bone suture, and the texture is hard.
Examine
Examination of scalp hematoma
Head CT is a convenient, rapid, safe, painless, non-invasive new examination method that clearly shows the anatomical relationship of different cross sections of the brain and the specific brain tissue structure. Therefore, the detection rate of the lesion and the accuracy of the diagnosis are greatly improved. In general, CT is better for soft tissue imaging than for soft tissue. Head CT examination is important for the diagnosis of most diseases of the brain, skull and scalp.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of scalp hematoma
(1) Subcutaneous hematoma: Because the subcutaneous tissue layer is closely connected with the skin layer and the cap-like aponeurosis layer, the hematoma in this layer is not easily diffused and the volume is small. The tissue around the hematoma is swollen and thickened, and it has a sense of depression. It is easily misdiagnosed as a depressed skull fracture. Sometimes it is necessary to use a cranial X-ray examination to rule out the possibility of fracture.
(B) the subarachnoid hematoma: caused by the rupture of small arteries or blood vessels. Because the underlying layer of the aponeurotic aponeurosis is loose, the blood is easy to expand in all directions, and the blood can fill the entire lower layer of the cap-like aponeurosis, so that the top of the head is significantly enlarged, and the blood content can reach hundreds of milliliters.
(C) subperiosteal hematoma: more common in the blunt injury after the head deformed significantly, such as newborn baby birth injury, infant table tennis depression skull fracture, and adult skull fracture. Hemorrhage due to local periosteal dissection, because the periosteum is firmly attached at the cranial suture, the hematoma range often does not exceed the cranial suture. In infants, the periplasm and periosteum of the old hematoma can be thickened or ossified, and even a bone cyst containing old blood is formed.
