Glioma
Introduction
Introduction to glioma Tumors originate from neuronal stromal cells, ie, glial, ependymal, choroid plexus, and neuronal cells, ie, neurons. Most tumors originate from different types of glia, but according to histological sources and biological characteristics, various tumors occurring in the neuroectoderm are generally called gliomas. As the tumor gradually enlarges, it forms an intracranial space-occupying lesion, often accompanied by peripheral cerebral edema. When the compensation limit is exceeded, the intracranial pressure is increased. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.05% - 0.07% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Cerebral palsy
Cause
Glioma cause
Cause:
The cause of the disease is not clear at present, Chinese medicine believes that because of panic or anger, or depression and depression, the blood and blood epidemic is abnormal, the resistance is weakened, the disease and evil take advantage of it, and it becomes a cancer.
Prevention
Glioma prevention
1, pay attention to keep a happy mood, relax, avoid excessive long-term mental stress and bad stimulation, strengthen physical fitness, improve the body's immune function and disease resistance, is also an important link to effectively prevent cancer.
2, the clinical manifestations of malignant glioma are not specific, headache is the main symptom, can be combined with the corresponding symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure, such as nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and some patients may have convulsions, hemiparesis and Language barriers, etc. Those who meet the above conditions should go to a regular hospital as soon as possible to avoid missing the best treatment opportunity.
Complication
Glioma complications Complications
The tumor is enlarged, the local intracranial pressure is the highest, and a pressure gradient is generated between the various intracranial cavities, causing the brain to shift, and gradually increasing the cerebral palsy.
Symptom
Glioma symptoms Common symptoms Optic nerve atrophy Attention deficit nausea
The course of glioma varies depending on the type of pathology and the location of the site. The time from symptom onset to visit is usually several weeks to several months, a few can reach several years, and the history of malignant and posterior fossa tumors is shorter. More benign tumors or tumors in so-called resting areas have a longer history. If there is bleeding or cyst formation, the development of symptoms can be accelerated, and some can even resemble the development of cerebrovascular diseases.
Symptoms mainly have two aspects, one is increased intracranial pressure and other general symptoms, such as headache, vomiting, vision loss, diplopia, seizures and mental symptoms, and the other is the compression, infiltration and destruction of brain tissue by the tumor. The resulting local symptoms cause loss of nerve function.
Most of the headaches are caused by increased intracranial pressure. The intracranial pressure of tumor growth is gradually increased, and the pressure is involved in the intracranial pain-sensitive structures such as blood vessels, dura mater and some cranial nerves. Most of them are headache, pain, and more parts. In the frontal or occipital part, one side of the cerebral hemisphere is shallow, the headache can be mainly on the affected side, the headache starts intermittently, and occurs mostly in the early morning. As the tumor develops, the headache gradually worsens and the duration is prolonged.
Vomiting is caused by stimulation of the medullary vomiting center or vagus nerve. It can be nausea-free, it is jetting. In children, headache can not be separated due to cranial suture, and because the posterior fossa tumor is more common, vomiting is more prominent.
Increased intracranial pressure can produce papilledema, and long-term optic nerve secondary atrophy, decreased visual acuity, tumor oppression of the optic nerve to produce primary optic atrophy, resulting in decreased vision, abductor nerves are susceptible to crushing, often causing paralysis, Produce double vision.
Examine
Glioma examination
1. Cerebrospinal fluid examination: Most of the lumbar puncture pressure is increased. Some tumors such as the brain surface or the cerebral ventricle can increase the amount of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the number of white blood cells can also increase. Some can find tumor cells, but the intracranial pressure is significantly increased. Lumbar puncture has the risk of promoting cerebral palsy, so it is generally only necessary when necessary. If it needs to be differentiated from inflammation or hemorrhage, the pressure should be increased. The operation should be cautious. Do not put more cerebrospinal fluid, and give mannitol infusion after operation. , pay attention to observation.
2, ultrasound examination: can help to determine the side and observe the presence of hydrocephalus, B-type ultrasound scan of the baby through the anterior hernia, can show tumor imaging and other pathological changes.
3, EEG examination: EEG changes in glioma on the one hand is limited to changes in brain waves of the tumor site, on the other hand is the general wide distribution of frequency and amplitude changes, these are tumor size, invasive The degree of cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure, the shallow tumor is prone to localized abnormalities, while the deep tumors are less limited, in benign astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, etc. Localized delta waves, some of which can be seen in epileptic waves such as spikes or sharp waves. Large polymorphic glioblastomas can be characterized by a wide range of delta waves, sometimes only on the side.
4, radioisotope scanning (Y-ray brain map): fast-growing tumors rich in blood, high blood-brain barrier permeability, high isotope absorption rate, such as polymorphic glioblastoma showing isotope concentration images, In the middle, there may be a low-density area due to necrosis and cyst formation. It needs to be differentiated from metastatic tumors according to its shape, multiple, etc., and amphoteric tumors and other benign gliomas have lower concentrations, often slightly higher than the surrounding brain. Organization, the image is not clear, and some can be negative.
5, radiological examination: including the skull flat film, ventriculography, computed tomography, etc., the skull can show increased intracranial pressure, tumor calcification and pineal calcification shift, ventricular angiography can show cerebral vascular displacement And tumor vascular conditions, etc., these abnormal changes, different types of tumors in different parts of the different types, can help to locate, and sometimes even qualitative, especially CT scan has the greatest diagnostic value, intravenous contrast agent enhanced scan, positioning accuracy is almost It is 100%, and the correct rate of qualitative diagnosis can reach more than 90%. It can show the location, extent, shape, brain tissue reaction and ventricular pressure displacement of the tumor, but it still needs to be combined with clinical considerations in order to confirm the diagnosis.
6. NMR: The diagnosis of brain tumors is more accurate than CT. The images are clearer. Microscopic tumors that cannot be displayed by CT can be found. Positron emission tomography can obtain images similar to CT and can observe tumor growth. Metabolic status, identify benign malignant tumors.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of glioma
Diagnosis is based on age, gender, location, and clinical course, and pathological types are estimated. In addition to medical history and neurological examination, some auxiliary examinations are needed to help diagnose the location and character. Positron emission tomography can obtain images similar to CT, and can observe the growth and metabolism of tumors and identify benign malignant tumors.
