facial nerve injury
Introduction
Introduction to facial nerve injury The facial nerve is the seventh pair of cranial nerves. It consists of sensory, motor and parasympathetic nerve fibers, which manage the taste of the tongue, the facial muscles and the secretion of the sublingual gland, submandibular gland and lacrimal gland. It is generally considered to be the dorsal branch of the lingual arch. Near the beginning of the knee ganglion corresponding to the spinal ganglia. Facial nerve injury refers to a disease in which violence acts on the head and causes symptoms of facial nerve disorders such as ipsilateral muscle weakness. The degree of facial nerve injury can be determined based on the early delay and degree of post-injury paralysis, electrical excitation, and electromyography. Early treatment should be based on non-surgical treatment. Dexamethasone and moderate dehydration were used to reduce traumatic response and local edema. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% to 0.005% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: exposed keratitis
Cause
Cause of facial nerve injury
Common causes are fractures of the bones and mastoids in the midbrain fossa. About 50% of longitudinal fractures and 25% of transverse fractures are associated with VII cranial nerve injury, especially parallel to the long axis of the rock cone. In the case of a fracture, the facial nerve is most susceptible to involvement, contusion or fracture of the fracture piece leading to early or delayed facial paralysis.
Prevention
Facial nerve injury prevention
Most patients with good recovery usually have positive electrical response within a few days to 3 weeks after injury. If there is no sign of recovery after 6-8 weeks of injury, the consequences are poor. Fortunately, about 75% of facial nerve damage can be restored. About 15% of the partial recovery, only 10% of the residual facial hemifacial spasm.
Complication
Facial nerve injury complications Complications exposed keratitis
This disease is often complicated by exposure to keratitis.
Symptom
Symptoms of Facial Nerve Injury Common Symptoms Facial Muscles and Cervical Muscles Tensile Facial Muscles are slanting, unable to speak facial muscles
Early-onset, facial muscle spasm immediately after injury, the affected side loses expression, the eyelids are closed, the mouth is biased to the healthy side, especially crying, more obvious when laughing, the eye often has exposed keratitis, if the facial nerve is damaged in the drum At the proximal end of the nerve, the 2/3 taste of the ipsilateral tongue is also lost. The delayed type often has hemifacial spasm 5 to 7 days after the injury, mostly due to hemorrhage, ischemia, edema or compression, and the prognosis is good.
Examine
Examination of facial nerve injury
1, X-ray film inspection.
2, electrophysiological examination, nerve electrical response and EMG are negative, indicating that nerve conduction has been relayed, but can not be determined whether it is anatomical disconnection or physiological block, through repeated tests can make an accurate judgment.
3. Brain CT and MRI.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of facial nerve injury
It is not difficult to distinguish from facial neuritis by medical history. This disease has a history of traumatic brain injury, and the condition is heavier than facial neuritis.
