Acute tracheo-bronchitis
Introduction
Introduction to acute tracheal-bronchitis Acute tracheal-bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the tracheal-bronchial mucosa caused by biological, physical, chemical stimuli or allergies. The main clinical symptoms are cough and cough, which are common in cold seasons or when the climate is abrupt. It can also spread from acute upper respiratory tract infections. More sporadic, no predisposition, old and infirm are susceptible. Pay attention to rest, keep warm, drink plenty of water, add enough calories, and take anti-inflammatory and symptomatic treatment. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.033% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pneumonia, rickets, otitis media, laryngitis, sinusitis
Cause
Acute tracheal-bronchitis etiology
First, the infection:
It can be directly infected by viruses and bacteria, or it can be caused by the spread of viruses or bacteria in acute upper respiratory tract infections. The common pathogenic bacteria are Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus and so on.
Second, physical, chemical factors:
Inhalation of cold air, dust, irritating gases or fumes can also cause acute irritation of the tracheal-bronchial mucosa.
Third, allergic reactions:
Common pathogens include inhalation of pollen, organic dust, fungal spores, hookworms, larvae of aphids in the lungs, or allergic reactions to bacterial proteins, causing allergic inflammation of the trachea-bronchus, which can also cause the disease.
Cold and excessive fatigue can weaken the physiological defense function of the upper respiratory tract, so that the infection has the opportunity to develop, so the incidence is more common in the cold season, most of the healthy adults are caused by adenovirus or influenza virus, and the children are respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza. The virus is more common. The virus infection inhibits the phagocytosis of the alveolar macrophages and the viability of the ciliated cells, so that the bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcal can invade, and the secretion of sinusitis or tonsil infection can also cause the inhalation. Diseases, physical and chemical stimuli such as cold air, dust, certain irritating gases, etc., are easy to cause the disease, and allergies to bacteria and proteins can also occur. Parasites such as hookworms, mites and other larvae migrate when the lungs move. Can cause bronchitis, children with repeated acute tracheal-bronchitis authors, should rule out the possibility of rare diseases such as cystic fibrosis or low immunoglobulinemia.
Prevention
Acute tracheal-bronchitis prevention
[prevention]
1. Strengthen physical exercise and enhance disease resistance.
2. Pay attention to cold and adjust to prevent cold, especially in autumn and winter, pay special attention to the chest to keep warm.
Complication
Acute tracheal-bronchitis complications Complications, pneumonia, otitis, laryngitis, sinusitis
If not treated properly, it can cause pneumonia, white blood cells are normal or slightly lower, and elevated people may have secondary bacterial infections. Children with healthy body have few complications, but in malnutrition, low immune function, congenital airway malformation, chronic nasopharyngitis , rickets and other children, not only susceptible to bronchitis, and easily complicated by pneumonia, otitis media, laryngitis and paranasal sinusitis.
Symptom
Acute tracheal-bronchitis symptoms Common symptoms Small bronchial mucosa edema Dry cough Ciliated epithelial cell damage Shedding chills Nausea soreness Qi bronchial spasm
symptom
The onset is more urgent, usually the systemic symptoms are milder and may have fever. Initially a dry cough or a small amount of mucus, then the amount of sputum increased, cough increased, and even accompanied by blood stasis. Cough and cough can last for 2-3 weeks, and if it does not heal, it can become chronic bronchitis. When accompanied by bronchospasm, chest tightness and shortness of breath may occur.
Sign
There is no obvious positive table. You can also hear scattered dry and wet rales in both lungs. The parts are not fixed and can be reduced or disappeared after coughing.
Examine
Acute tracheal-bronchitis examination
Blood routine: There is no significant change in white blood cell count and classification. When the bacterial infection is heavier, the white blood cell count can be increased.
Pathogenic bacteria can be found by sputum smear or culture.
X-ray examination of the chest is mostly normal or the lung texture is thickened.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute tracheal-bronchitis
diagnosis
According to medical history, cough and cough and other respiratory symptoms as well as signs of dry and wet rales in both lungs, combined with blood and X-ray examination, clinical diagnosis can be made. Virus and bacterial tests help diagnose the cause.
Differential diagnosis
The disease needs to be differentiated from the following diseases:
First, influenza: rapid onset, high fever, systemic symptoms such as body aches, headache, fatigue, and other local symptoms of the respiratory tract are mild, often have an epidemiological history, according to virus isolation and serological examination, can be identified.
Second, acute upper respiratory tract infection: Nasopharyngeal symptoms are obvious, generally cough, cough, no abnormal body phlegm.
Third, other: bronchial pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, lung abscess, measles, whooping cough and other diseases may be associated with acute bronchitis symptoms, should be examined in detail, to identify.
