vitamin E deficiency
Introduction
Introduction to vitamin E deficiency Vitamin E deficiency (vitaminEdeficiency) is a disease caused by vitamin E deficiency, which causes symptoms related to the human body. Vitamin E: Vitamin E plays the most extensive role in the human body and is larger than any nutrient. Therefore, it has a "guardian". It is said to have good antioxidant properties in the body, that is, to reduce cell aging. Maintaining the integrity of red blood cells, promoting cell synthesis, anti-pollution, anti-infertility, and occupying an important role in human nutrition, premature infants lack vitamin E can cause hemolytic anemia. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.05% Susceptible people: seen in young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: atherosclerosis anemia cataract myopia mentally retarded neonatal edema neonatal scleredema intracranial hemorrhage
Cause
Vitamin E deficiency
Premature or low birth weight children (30%):
The amount of vitamin E stored in the body is related to the birth weight and gestational age of the baby. The lower the body weight, the smaller the gestational age and the less the storage, because the vitamin E in the newborn is mostly obtained from the mother in the second trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, the storage of vitamin E in the body of immature children is lower than that of normal term infants.
Malabsorption (20%):
Ingested vitamin E, absorbed in the small intestine, requires the help of bile and pancreatic juice, when indigestion, steatorrhea, chronic liver disease, pancreatic cystic fibrosis and biliary obstruction, as well as less bile salt synthesis in premature infants, trypsin activity Insufficient, etc., can affect the absorption of vitamin E in the intestine.
Increase in demand (20%):
When dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increase, vitamin E requirements also increase, because vitamin E can prevent PUFA peroxidation; if the proportion of vitamin E and PUFA in the diet is inappropriate (ratio should be 0.4 to 0.5), Causes a deficiency of vitamin E.
Prevention
Vitamin E deficiency prevention
Foods rich in vitamin E: malt, soy, vegetable oil, nuts, Brussels sprouts, green leafy vegetables, spinach, nutrient-added flour, whole wheat, unrefined cereal products, eggs.
Nutritional supplements: you can buy fat-soluble capsules and water-soluble tablets, generally sell 100-1500 IU of vitamin E, water-soluble vitamin E is suitable for people who do not eat greasy food or eat more oily food can cause skin lesions People are more suitable for middle-aged people over 40 years old. The average daily intake is 200-1200 IU, about 0.05 mg/d for dairy-fed, and 1.5 mg/d for other foods. For premature infants with a body weight of less than 1500 g and children with fat malabsorption, it is best to use water-soluble vitamin E 5 mg / d to prevent deficiency.
Vitamin E is usually non-toxic. When taking high doses (more than 1200 international units per day), it can cause adverse reactions to nausea, flatulence, diarrhea and rapid heartbeat. American medical expert Robert advises: long-term use Large doses of vitamin E can cause various diseases, the most serious of which are: thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolism, or both, because large doses of vitamin E can cause platelet aggregation and formation; blood pressure rises, withdrawal After the blood pressure can be reduced or returned to normal; both men and women can have breast hypertrophy; headache, dizziness, dizziness, blurred vision, muscle weakness; skin cracking, cheilitis, angular cheilitis, urticaria; diabetes or angina symptoms significantly worse; hormone metabolism Disorder, prothrombin decreased; blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels increased; platelet increase and vitality increased and immune function decreased, the most obvious toxic effect is the antagonistic effect of vitamin K and enhanced oral coumarin anticoagulant The effect of this can lead to significant bleeding.
Consult your health advisor before taking vitamin E if you have: If you have high blood pressure or if you are taking anticoagulants, the following acetone coumarin sodium or acetone benzyl hydroxycoumarin.
If vitamin E is taken with acetone benzyl hydroxycoumarin (a blood clotting agent), it will increase the possibility of abnormal bleeding. A cholesterol-lowering drug called bile acid chelating agent (such as colestipol and cholestyramine) reduces vitamin E. Absorption, vitamin E will interact with cyclosporine, a drug that treats cancer, reducing the efficacy of both.
Complication
Vitamin E deficiency complications Complications atherosclerosis anemia cataract myopia mentally retarded neonatal edema neonatal sclered intracranial hemorrhage
Lead to atherosclerosis, blood aemia, cancer, cataracts and other elderly leg disease, can also cause complications such as myopia, disability, mental retardation.
Common complications of this disease:
1. Arterial atherosclerosis.
2, anemia.
3. Cancer.
4, cataracts.
5, myopia.
6, disabled, mentally retarded and so on.
7, neonatal systemic edema, neonatal scleredema and visceral and intracranial hemorrhage.
Symptom
Vitamin E deficiency symptoms Common symptoms Vitamin E deficiency erythrocytosis ataxia Inability to paralyze eyeball tremor Prostatic hypertrophy edema Hemolytic anemia Teeth yellow
1. Anemia: especially in premature or low-weight children fed artificially, hemolytic anemia can occur in 1 to 2 months after birth, reticulocytes increase, abnormal red blood cells increase, and platelet count rises, abnormal morphology, aggregation Increase.
2. Neonatal systemic edema: starting the lower limbs, perineum, scrotum, penis mainly, after the eyelid edema gradually edema.
3. Neurological symptoms: mild cerebellar ataxia, pigmented retinopathy, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus and muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, etc.
4. restlessness, edema, low sexual ability, split ends, pigmentation, scar formation, yellowing of teeth; causing male sexual dysfunction, prostatic hypertrophy, infertility and so on.
Examine
Vitamin E deficiency check
1, blood biochemistry: hemoglobin is more than 60 ~ 100g / L, reticulocytes are slightly elevated, peripheral blood smear can be seen in the shape of spines and red blood cells, platelets can be increased, bone marrow can be seen multinucleated young red blood cells.
2, plasma vitamin E capacity determination: adult <11.6nmol / L (5g / L), children <7.0nmol / L (3g / L), has diagnostic value, after oral vitamin E, it can exist in the blood circulation 1 ~ 2 Days, so take vitamin E for 3 days before measuring its plasma content.
3. Determination of plasma vitamin E / total blood lipid ratio: adults less than 0.8g / g total lipids, children less than 0.6g / g total lipids, have diagnostic value.
4. Hydrogen Peroxide Hemolysis Test (PHT): Vitamin E deficiency is positive, but should be distinguished from false positives in the absence of G-6-PD.
According to the condition, choose ECG and B-ultrasound.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of vitamin E deficiency
Children with chronic cholestatic hepatobiliary disease or cystic fibrosis present with vitamin E deficiency syndrome. Its signs are spinal cord cerebellar ataxia with deep sputum reflexes, torso and limbs ataxia, loss of vibration and positional sensation, ocular paralysis, muscle weakness, ptosis and dysarthria. In adults with malabsorption, spinal cord cerebellar ataxia due to vitamin E deficiency is extremely rare. There is no doubt that there is a large amount of vitamin E stock in adult fat tissue. Clinical features of vitamin E deficiency.
