Nickel carbonyl poisoning
Introduction
Introduction to nickel carbonyl poisoning Nickel carbonyl is a liquid metal compound formed by reacting nickel metal with a carbonyl group (-CO) under a certain pressure. Nickelcar-bony Ipoisoning is a systemic disease mainly caused by respiratory and nervous system damage. Industrial nickel carbonyl is used to refine high-purity nickel powder, organic synthesis, rubber, petroleum catalyst, nickel spray, etc., and acute poisoning can occur after a large amount of inhalation by workers. Nickel carbonyl poisoning is a disease in which high concentrations of nickel carbonyl are induced to cause respiratory damage. The patient first developed symptoms such as headache, dizziness, gait instability, chest tightness, and nausea. After 12 to 36 hours, toxic edema may occur. Nitrogen exposure can be increased by exposure to nickel carbonyl for 24 hours. Whether nickel carbonyl can cause chronic poisoning is still controversial. Acute carbonyl nickel poisoning In addition to dissociation, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate can be used to drive nickel and symptomatic therapy. The early symptoms of acute nickel carbonyl poisoning are easily confused with upper respiratory tract infections, which may lead to misdiagnosis and delay in treatment. Chronic poisoning has no specific symptoms, and a definitive diagnosis can be made in combination with on-site investigation and comprehensive analysis of clinical data. Urine nickel determination can help to estimate the degree of acute carbonyl nickel poisoning. Mild poisoning of urine nickel does not exceed 0.325mol/L (25g/L), moderate poisoning 0.3258.5mol/L (25500g/L), severe poisoning More than 8.5 mol/L (500 g/L). basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: coma, headache, insomnia
Cause
Causes of nickel carbonyl poisoning
Cause:
Nickel carbonyl vapor can be quickly inhaled through the respiratory tract, and the skin is also absorbed in a small amount. After entering the body, about 1/3 of the original form is exhaled by the lung within 6 hours, and the rest is gradually decomposed into nickel ions (Ni0Ni2+) and carbon monoxide in the cells. Ni2+ binds to intracellular nucleic acids, proteins, and gradually transfers to plasma and is excreted in the urine.
Carbonyl nickel inhibits thiol-containing enzymes in pulmonary capillary endothelial cells, causing increased capillary wall permeability, causing pulmonary interstitial edema and alveolar exudation. Nickel carbonyl affects RNA polymerase, interferes with RNA synthesis, and acute carbonyl nickel poisoning There is still congestion and necrosis in the central area of the hepatic lobules; vasodilation of the cerebral cortex, hemorrhage, especially in the white matter.
Prevention
Nickel carbonyl poisoning prevention
Production workshop, strict implementation of rules and regulations and mechanical operation procedures, strengthen ventilation and personal protection. Reasonably design the area of the inlet and outlet; in the natural ventilation design of the plant, the area of the inlet and outlet must be reasonably coordinated, and the area of the inlet should not be smaller or larger than the area of the outlet. This should be extremely important for improving the natural ventilation effect. And effective technical measures. The natural ventilation design of the factory building must not be based on the established building layout, and the ventilation opening calculation is used to determine the opening area of the sunroof.
Complication
Carbonyl nickel poisoning complications Complications, coma, headache, insomnia
Acute carbonyl nickel poisoning can cause convulsions and coma and can be accompanied by symptoms such as fever. Chronic nickel carbonyl poisoning can occur such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, insomnia, memory loss and cough and chest tightness.
Symptom
Symptoms of nickel carbonyl poisoning Common symptoms Arrhythmia, fatigue, dizziness, irritability, restlessness, gait, pink foam, coma, insomnia, chest tightness
Early symptoms of acute carbonyl nickel poisoning, dizziness, headache, dry cough, chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, gait instability, after dissociation, the above symptoms quickly improved, after 6 to 36 hours of incubation, there are late symptoms, there are drama Cough, pink foam sputum, shortness of breath, irritability and other signs of pulmonary edema, patients may still have convulsions and coma, and may be accompanied by fever, check patients with purpura, heart can be enlarged, arrhythmia, heart sounds are galloping, The lungs are covered with wet rales and the liver is swollen.
Chronic nickel carbonyl poisoning caused by long-term inhalation of low concentrations of nickel carbonyl, symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, dreams, insomnia, memory loss and cough, chest tightness and other non-specific manifestations.
Examine
Examination of nickel carbonyl poisoning
Acute nickel carbonyl poisoning has increased white blood cell and neutrophil count, protein and cast in urine, chest exudation in the lung field, myocardial damage in electrocardiogram, increased serum bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase, and urine nickel After 1 to 2 days after poisoning, the increase was obvious, and after 7 to 10 days, it returned to normal, chronic poisoning, chest bones had increased lung texture, EEG had mild to moderate abnormalities, and urine nickel could be increased.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of nickel carbonyl poisoning
The diseases that need to be differentiated from acute nickel carbonyl poisoning are mainly respiratory diseases caused by upper respiratory tract infection, cardiogenic pulmonary edema and other acute poisoning of metal and irritating gases.
