Adrenaline poisoning
Introduction
Introduction to adrenaline poisoning Adrenalin and noradrenalin are commonly used first-aid drugs, and excessive amounts can cause poisoning. A small number of patients have high sensitivity to adrenaline. Although the therapeutic dose can also cause adverse reactions, children with hyperthyroidism and cardiovascular disease are also sensitive to adrenaline and are prone to poisoning. Small doses of adrenaline can excite the central nervous system and can be used to treat anaphylactic shock. High doses of adrenaline can excite the central nervous system while causing convulsions and inhibiting the respiratory center. A large amount of adrenaline can cause acute pulmonary edema. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.0013% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pulmonary edema, acute cardiac insufficiency, high blood pressure, headache
Cause
Cause of adrenaline poisoning
Causes:
Adrenaline poisoning is caused by excessive dose of the drug; in addition, those who are allergic to this product may have serious adverse reactions in small doses. Norepinephrine poisoning is caused by excessive use or excessive intravenous drip.
Prevention
Adrenaline poisoning prevention
When using this product, you must pay attention to contraindications, do not abuse or overuse, and do not combine the two, 1:1000 adrenaline for subcutaneous, intravenous injection, in infants and young children each time 0.2 ~ 0.3ml, should not exceed 0.4 Ml, children should not exceed 0.5ml, can be reused in about half an hour, intravenous injection must be slow, and diluted with nine times normal saline, norepinephrine should not be subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, so as not to cause local necrosis; Directly using its concentrated solution for intravenous injection, it must be diluted with 5% to 10% glucose solution or physiological saline to 1-2 mg / dl or less, slowly intravenous drip.
Complication
Adrenalin poisoning complications Complications pulmonary edema acute heart failure hypertension headache
Adrenaline poisoning can occur pulmonary edema and ventricular fibrillation, urine retention, etc., allergic, can quickly look pale, cold sweat, limb muscles, nervous, palpitations, difficulty breathing, blood pressure and body temperature; or as Difficulty breathing, chest pressure, neck pain, anxiety, skin cold and cold, increased blood pressure, etc.; or within minutes to hours, acute cardiac insufficiency, ventricular fibrillation and pulmonary edema are life-threatening.
Norepinephrine overdose or allergies may have blurred vision, high blood sugar, post-sternal pain, sore throat, sweating, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, severe headache, convulsions and other complications. In addition, long-term application may have intestinal , liver, kidney and other visceral necrosis, the emergence of corresponding symptoms and signs.
Symptom
Symptoms of adrenaline poisoning Common symptoms Pulsation headache gait instability wheezing nausea coma edema abdominal pain shock chills pale pale
Misuse of excessive adrenaline may cause nausea, vomiting, paleness, tachycardia, chest pressure, premature ventricular beats, increased blood pressure, muscle tremors, gait instability, chills, fever, sweating, dilated pupils , wheezing breathing, convulsions, etc., when blood pressure rises sharply, there is pulsating headache, pulmonary edema, ventricular fibrillation, cerebral hemorrhage, coma, heart and respiratory center paralysis often occur in severely ill children.
The side effects and toxic effects of norepinephrine are similar to adrenaline. When misused excessively, it can cause extensive vasospasm. The child is pale, bruising at the ends of the extremities, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, sweating, and ventricular Or supraventricular premature beats, sinus bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, etc., persistent excess can affect the central nervous system and heart, kidney and other major organs of the blood circulation, the emergence of various systemic ischemic symptoms And functional damage, aggravation of the original degree of shock, such as leakage of liquid in the intravenous injection, and the application of high concentration of liquid, can occur in the extremities and local necrosis, shock children are more likely to occur due to local drug stagnation.
Examine
Examination of adrenaline poisoning
Regular tests, blood and urine can prove poison.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of adrenaline poisoning
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings.
Differential diagnosis
Mainly differentiated from other anti-shock drug poisoning, dopamine poisoning, mainly nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, arrhythmia, dyspnea, headache, etc.; inter-hydroxyamine poisoning, mainly showing fear, headache, irritability, skin flushing, Sweating, trembling, nausea, vomiting, weakness of the limbs, pale face, pain in the chest area, palpitations, small movements or slowness, decreased urine output, metabolic acidosis, high blood sugar, etc.
