acute toxic encephalitis
Introduction
Introduction to acute toxic encephalitis Infectious toxic encephalopathy, also known as acute toxic encephalitis, is a brain toxic reaction caused by acute infection with toxins. More common in children 2 to 10 years old, infancy is rare. Acute bacterial infections are the main causes, such as sepsis, pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, pyelonephritis, etc., followed by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, syncytial virus, adenovirus-induced acute respiratory infections and malaria can also cause The disease, toxemia, metabolic disorders and hypoxia cause brain edema as the main pathogenesis. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: more common in children 2 to 10 years old Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: mental disorders
Cause
Causes of acute toxic encephalitis
Acute bacterial infections are the main causes, such as sepsis, pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, pyelonephritis, etc., followed by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, syncytial virus, adenovirus-induced acute respiratory infections and malaria can also cause The disease, toxemia, metabolic disorders and hypoxia cause brain edema as the main pathogenesis.
Prevention
Acute toxic encephalitis prevention
Maintain nutrition, pay attention to clean skin and prevent acne. For those with mental disorders, especially those who are excited and incited, they should strengthen their protection to prevent exhaustion or self-injury and injury. For dementia, aphasia and paralysis cases, patient guidance, help patients to exercise functionally, prevent limb contracture.
Complication
Acute toxic encephalitis complications Complications
Acute toxic encephalitis develops with the disease and can be complicated by certain mental disorders, such as varying degrees of visual impairment, hearing loss, cranial nerve palsy, single or multiple paralysis, mental decline, personality changes, etc.
Symptom
Acute toxic encephalitis symptoms Common symptoms Cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes increase perceptual disappearance speech disorder central fever degeneration state consciousness change state cold and hot eyesight disorder to the brain tonic
More than the first three days of acute infection, some children occur several hours after the onset of acute infection, children with high fever, severe headache, vomiting, irritability and paralysis, and even coma, often with seizures, duration can be long Can be short, mostly for systemic tonic-like episodes or generalized tonic-like episodes of seizures. In addition, there are often positive pyramidal tract signs, limb paralysis, aphasia, pupillary abnormalities, etc., there are obvious meningeal irritation signs, awake children The condition is mild and different, and the patients with severe symptoms may have different degrees of visual impairment, hearing loss, cranial nerve palsy, single or multiple paralysis, mental retardation and other mental disorders, while others change from coma to coma. The state of the state or the state of the brain tonic, the mild cases can be restored, but some can still leave inattention, learning ability, behavioral abnormalities and personality changes.
Examine
Examination of acute toxic encephalitis
1, hematuria routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood sugar, blood lipids and ECG should be listed as routine inspection items.
2, cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased and its routine, biochemical testing is normal.
3, skull CT scan.
4. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute toxic encephalitis
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings.
Differential diagnosis
According to the patient's history of acute infectious diseases with high fever, and vomiting, as well as various mental symptoms and brain neurological signs, cerebrospinal fluid pressure is increased and its routine, biochemical tests are normal, can be diagnosed, often need to be identified with the following diseases:
First, viral encephalitis: Infectious viral encephalitis is seen in summer, autumn, other viral encephalitis can be sporadic, mostly subacute onset, cerebrospinal fluid examination in addition to increased pressure, but also visible cerebrospinal fluid slightly turbid, Increased white blood cell count and increased protein,
Second, encephalitis after viral infection: in the case of measles, influenza, mumps, varicella and other viral infections 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of the primary disease begins to relieve, after pathological changes, the white matter of the brain is scattered around the small veins, focal demyelination and mononuclear Cell infiltration, mild increase in cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes, elevated protein and oligoclonal IgG bands,
Third, acute bacterial meningitis: acute onset, high fever, severe headache and vomiting, can quickly appear convulsions, mental disorders and disturbance of consciousness, meningeal irritation signs, cerebrospinal fluid changes significantly, white blood cell count increased significantly, neutrophils accounted for absolute Advantages, sometimes phagocytic bacteria can be seen in white blood cells, protein content is increased, sugar and chloride are decreased,
Fourth, febrile seizures: more common in infants and young children, generally in the case of infectious diseases when the body temperature rises above 38 ° C can occur, more than a whole body tonic or tonic a while episodes, often only once a fever, leaving no obvious brain after the attack Damage can occur afterwards.
