Urine sediment

Urine sediment inspection refers to the use of a microscope to check the sediment of the urine after centrifugation (formation in the urine), which is not a substitute for the urine dry chemical analyzer. Urine sediment examination is very important for the diagnosis of urinary system diseases. Note: Patients should be examined rapidly after urine collection, otherwise the placement time is too long, if it is low urine, hemolysis can occur; if it is high urine, it may be dehydrated to change the shape of red blood cells; if it is alkaline Urine can cause blood cell components and casts to collapse, affecting the accuracy of the test. Basic Information Specialist classification: urinary examination classification: urine / kidney function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Including items: one hour urine sediment count, urine sediment epithelial cells, urine sediment crystallization, urine sediment red blood cells, urine sediment tube type, urine sediment white blood cells (WBC, LEU) Tips: use the morning urine to get the first urine test. The middle part of the urine is taken for inspection. For example, female patients should not mix vaginal discharge and menstrual blood, male patients should not mix with prostatic fluid. Normal value Red blood cells are less than 3/high magnification field of view. Leukocytes have less than 5/high power field views. Occasionally, high-powered field of view of renal tubular epithelial cells. Squamous or transitional epithelial cells occasionally / high magnification field of view. The transparent tube type is less than or equal to 1/low magnification field of view. Clinical significance 1. Red blood cells greater than 3 / high power field vision is microscopic hematuria. Increased in the urinary system of inflammation, tumors, stones and other diseases. Such as abnormal red blood cells, suggesting renal disease; but also seen in systemic diseases such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, and adjacent organs of the urinary system Diseases such as prostatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, etc. Ingestion of allopurinol, anticoagulant, cyclophosphamide, penicillin, sulfa drugs and other drugs can also have red blood cells. 2. Leukocytes greater than 5 / high power field vision is microscopic pyuria. Increased mainly in the urinary system infections, especially acute pyelonephritis, urinary tract stones, cystitis, etc.; can also be seen in the urinary system adjacent to organ diseases, such as prostatitis, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease. 3. In the case of epithelial cell renal parenchymal damage, such as glomerulonephritis, more renal tubular epithelial cells can be seen; when urinary system inflammation, more squamous epithelial cells and transitional epithelial cells can be seen. 4. The appearance of the cast type indicates renal parenchymal damage, which is found in acute or chronic glomerulonephritis and renal failure. The appearance of red blood cell casts is particularly helpful in proving renal bleeding. The appearance of white blood cell casts is particularly helpful in the identification of pyelonephritis and cystitis, the latter being negative. The appearance of granule casts and waxy casts further indicates the deterioration of kidney disease or advanced stages. Fatty tube type is more common in nephrotic syndrome, chronic nephritis. Such as the intake of kanamycin, amphotericin B, cephalosporin and other drugs, tube type can appear in the urine. 5. Crystalline physiological crystals are commonly found in calcium oxalate, uric acid, and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals. Pathological crystals mainly include cystine crystal, leucine crystal, tyrosine crystal, cholesterol crystal, radiation contrast agent crystal, sulfonamide crystal, aspirin crystal, sulfosalicylic acid crystal and the like. Precautions Regular urine tests can be performed at any time. In general, patients with nephropathy are required to use the first urine test in the morning to get up before and after observation. Check the urine volume: generally 5 ~ 10ml, if you want to measure the specific gravity of the urine can not be less than 50ml. The urine specimen should be taken in the middle section of the urine: first, a part of the urine is discarded, to wash away the bacteria remaining in the urethra and the anterior urethra, and then the middle part of the urine is taken for examination. Care should be taken not to bring non-urine ingredients into the urine: such as female patients do not mix vaginal discharge and menstrual blood, male patients should not mix with prostatic fluid. Inspection process Add a drop of dye solution to 0.2 ml of urine sediment and mix and dye. After 3 minutes, take the sediment cover and take a slide of the slide. Not suitable for the crowd Generally no taboos. Adverse reactions and risks No.